Developmental Genetics of Fishes: Isozymic Analyses of Differential Gene Expression
Developmental Genetics of Fishes: Isozymic Analyses of Differential Gene Expression
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鱼类发育遗传学：差异基因表达的同工酶分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
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通讯作者：
G. S. Whitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. S. Whitt
概要。鱼类的基本进化地位和它们基因表达的可塑性使它们非常适合于发育遗传分析。同工酶是研究鱼类基因差异表达的有效探针。与原始鱼类相比，高级硬骨鱼具有更高的同工酶位点表达的时空特异性。某些同工酶位点的表达仅限于特定的发育时期，如孵化。最近衍生的基因座具有更受限制的组织表达，并且倾向于在发育后期比表现出更普遍的组织表达的更古老的基因座表达。更密切相关的同工酶位点往往重叠更多的细胞表达比更远相关的位点。基因和基因组相关性在调控基因表达中的作用也通过种间杂种优势等位基因表达的研究得到了研究。在种间杂交鱼类中，基因表达的时间表经常受到干扰。在形态学和酶水平上，发育异常的严重程度逐渐增加，发生在从逐渐更远的相关物种形成的杂交种的胚胎发生过程中。在大多数等位基因抑制的情况下，父亲的等位基因被优先抑制，但偶尔母亲的等位基因被选择性抑制。对于来自正反交的杂种胚胎，经常观察到非互惠的发育成功。这些异常的核质相互作用与基因调控模型和基因调控机制的进化分歧有关。
SYNOPSIS. The fundamental evolutionary position of the fishes and the plasticity of their gene expression render them well suited for developmental genetic analyses. Isozymes, encoded in related loci, have proven to be effective probes of differential gene expression in the fishes. The advanced bony fishes exhibit a higher temporal and spatial specificity of isozyme locus expression than the primitive fishes. Some isozyme loci are limited in their expression to specific developmental periods such as hatching. The more phylogenetically recently derived loci have a more restricted tissue expression, and tend to be expressed later in development than more ancient loci exhibiting a more generalized tissue expression. More closely related isozyme loci tend to overlap more in their cellular expressions than do more distantly related loci. The role of gene and genome relatedness in regulating gene expression also has been studied by the investigation of preferential allele expression in interspecific hybrids. The schedules of gene expression are often perturbed in interspecific fish hybrids. A progressive increase in the severity of developmental abnormalities, at the morphological and enzymatic levels, occurs during embryogenesis of hybrids formed from progressively more distantly related species. In most instances of allelic repression, the paternal allele is preferentially inhibited but occasionally the maternal allele is selectively repressed. A non-reciprocal developmental success is often observed for hybrid embryos derived from reciprocal crosses. These aberrant nucleocytoplasmic interactions have been related to models of gene regulation and the evolutionary divergence of gene regulatory mechanisms.