Altering the Cognitive-Affective Dysfunctions of Psychopathic and Externalizing Offender Subtypes with Cognitive Remediation.
Altering the Cognitive-Affective Dysfunctions of Psychopathic and Externalizing Offender Subtypes with Cognitive Remediation.
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通过认知补救措施改变精神病和外在罪犯亚型的认知影响功能障碍。
DOI：
10.1177/2167702614560744
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Newman JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baskin-Sommers AR;Curtin JJ;Newman JP
认知矫正作为一种治疗方法，有可能通过针对特定的认知技能，将基础科学转化为更具针对性、基于机制的干预措施。本研究将对两种明确的认知 - 情感功能障碍的理解转化为新的与缺陷匹配的干预措施，并评估认知矫正是否会显示出特定且可推广的变化。两种反社会亚型，即具有精神病态和外化特质的个体，其特征是存在认知 - 情感问题，这些问题使他们容易陷入严重的药物滥用和犯罪行为，最终导致监禁。精神病态个体未能考虑重要的情境信息，而具有外化特质的个体缺乏调节情感反应的能力。旨在矫正这些亚型特定缺陷的训练使得在训练任务和未训练任务上都有所改善。这些发现为改变神经和行为模式带来了希望，即使是对于许多人认为最难治疗的人群也是如此，并且预示着一个将认知 - 情感科学转化为日益具体和有效的干预措施的新时代。
Cognitive remediation is a treatment approach with the potential to translate basic science into more specific, mechanism-based interventions by targeting particular cognitive skills. The present study translated understanding of two well-defined cognitive-emotion dysfunctions into novel deficit-matched interventions and evaluated whether cognitive remediation would demonstrate specific and generalizable change. Two antisocial-subtypes, individuals with psychopathy and externalizing traits, are characterized by cognitive-affective problems that predispose them to engage in significant substance abuse and criminal behavior, culminating in incarceration. Whereas individuals with psychopathy fail to consider important contextual information, individuals with externalizing traits lack the capacity to regulate affective reactions. Training designed to remedy these subtype-specific deficits led to improvement on both trained and non-trained tasks. Such findings offer promise for changing neural and behavioral patterns, even for what many consider to be the most recalcitrant treatment population, and presage a new era of translating cognitive-affective science into increasingly specific and effective interventions.