CHILDRENS INDUCTIVE INFERENCES WITHIN SUPERORDINATE CATEGORIES - THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND CATEGORY STRUCTURE
CHILDRENS INDUCTIVE INFERENCES WITHIN SUPERORDINATE CATEGORIES - THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND CATEGORY STRUCTURE
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DOI：
10.2307/1130255
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发表时间：
1988-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
OREILLY, AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GELMAN, SA;OREILLY, AW
范畴的一个重要功能是允许超越表面现象的推论。在两项研究中，学龄前和二年级的儿童被测试他们对一个类别的成员具有相似的内部部分的理解。在一项研究中，孩子们被教导有关各种物体内部结构的新信息（例如，苹果），然后被探测以确定它们在多大程度上概括了新信息（例如，到另一个苹果，到其他水果，到一个不相关的物体）。在第二项研究中，孩子们参加了一个开放式的采访，探讨不同类型的物体是否有“相同的东西在里面。“两个年龄段的儿童在两项研究中都得出了许多关于内部结构的推论，以报告基本级别类别的成员具有相同的内部部分。年龄较大的儿童比年龄较小的儿童在高级水平上得出更多的推论。年龄较大的儿童也更敏感的类别域（自然类与人工制品）在基本和高级水平的差异。总而言之，这些结果表明，学龄前儿童认为，基本级别的类别共享内部部分。他们需要在基本层面上提炼这种信念，并将其扩展到更高层次的范畴。
One important function of categories is to allow inferences that extend beyond surface appearances. In 2 studies, preschool and second-grade children were tested on their understanding that members of a category have similar internal parts. In 1 study, children were taught new information about the internal structure of various objects (e.g., an apple), then were probed to determine how far they generalized the new information (e.g., to another apple, to other fruit, to an unrelated object). In a second study, children participated in an open-ended interview that probed whether various types of objects had "the same kinds of stuff inside." Children at both ages and in both studies drew many inferences concerning the internal structure to report that members of a basic-level category had the same internal parts. Older children drew more inferences at the superordinate level than did younger children. Older children were also more sensitive to differences in category domain (natural kind vs. artifact) at both basic and superordinate levels. Altogether, these results suggest that preschool children assume that basic-level categories share internal parts. They need to refine this belief at the basic level and to extend it to superordinate-level categories.