The point-radius method for georeferencing locality descriptions and calculating associated uncertainty
The point-radius method for georeferencing locality descriptions and calculating associated uncertainty
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DOI：
10.1080/13658810412331280211
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Hijmans, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wieczorek, J;Guo, QG;Hijmans, RJ
自然历史博物馆储存了数百万个地质、生物和文化实体的标本。在调查生物多样性及其与环境和人为干扰的关系方面，对与这些物体有关的数据的需求日益增加。在地理信息系统中使用这些数据的一个主要障碍是，收集地点通常以文字说明的形式记录，没有地理坐标。我们描述了一种方法，用于地理参考的地方描述，占特质，来源的不确定性，和实际的维护要求时遇到的自然历史收藏。每个地点被描述为一个圆，用一个点来标记地点描述最接近的位置，用一个半径来描述距离该点的最大距离，在该点内预计会发生该地点。半径的计算考虑到地点描述的精确性和具体性，以及地图比例尺、基准、用于确定坐标的来源的精确性和准确性。此方法最大限度地减少了地理配准过程中涉及的主观性。由此产生的地理参照是一致的，可重现的，并允许在使用这些数据的分析中使用不确定性。
Natural history museums store millions of specimens of geological, biological, and cultural entities. Data related to these objects are in increasing demand for investigations of biodiversity and its relationship to the environment and anthropogenic disturbance. A major barrier to the use of these data in GIS is that collecting localities have typically been recorded as textual descriptions, without geographic coordinates. We describe a method for georeferencing locality descriptions that accounts for the idiosyncrasies, sources of uncertainty, and practical maintenance requirements encountered when working with natural history collections. Each locality is described as a circle, with a point to mark the position most closely described by the locality description, and a radius to describe the maximum distance from that point within which the locality is expected to occur. The calculation of the radius takes into account aspects of the precision and specificity of the locality description, as well as the map scale, datum, precision and accuracy of the sources used to determine coordinates. This method minimizes the subjectivity involved in the georeferencing process. The resulting georeferences are consistent, reproducible, and allow for the use of uncertainty in analyses that use these data.