Manure management: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions
Manure management: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.036
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发表时间：
2011-06-23
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Misselbrook, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chadwick, Dave;Sommer, Sven Gjedde;Misselbrook, Tom
泥浆、农家庭院粪便和家禽粪便是家畜产品产生的不可避免的后果。这些粪便被回收回土地，供植物利用它们所含的营养。然而，由于它们含有无机氮、微生物可利用的碳和水来源，它们提供了微生物生产N2O和CH4所需的基本底物。这些温室气体可以在“粪便管理连续体”的每个阶段产生和排放，这些阶段是牲畜饲养、粪便储存、粪便处理和粪便向土地传播。粪便管理对国家农业N2O和CH4总排放量的贡献各不相同，但在2009年向《联合国气候变化框架公约》报告的国家中，贡献可能超过50%。在农场管理方面，决策与关键微生物过程(即硝化、反硝化、产甲烷)的温度和水的可用性等环境控制相互作用。甲烷氧化)，影响粪便管理连续体每个阶段的排放量。我们回顾了目前对粪便管理如何影响直接和间接N2O排放以及CH4排放的理解，介绍了比较一系列粪便类型通过不同方法传播后直接N2O排放的新数据，并重点介绍了发达国家和发展中国家的研究人员和政策制定者正在考虑的一些缓解措施。本文是特刊的一部分，题为：动物农业中的温室气体在食品和排放之间找到平衡，客座编辑T.A.McAllister，部分客座编辑；K.A.Beuchemin，X.Hao，S.McGinn和动物饲料科学与技术编辑P.H.Robinson。(C)2011年爱思唯尔BM。版权所有。
Slurry, farmyard manure and poultry manure are an inevitable consequence of livestock products generated from housed animals. These manures are recycled back to land for plants to use the nutrients they contain. However, since they contain inorganic N. microbially available sources of C and water, they provide the essential substrates required for the microbial production of N2O and CH4. These greenhouse gases can be produced and emitted at each stage of the 'manure management continuum', being the livestock building, manure stores, manure treatment and manure spreading to land. The contribution that manure management makes to total national agricultural emissions of N2O and CH4 vary, but can exceed 50% in countries reporting to the UNFCCC in 2009. On farm management decisions interact with environmental controls such as temperature and water availability of key microbial processes (i.e., nitrification, denitrification, methanogenesis. CH4 oxidation), affecting the magnitude of emissions from each stage of the manure management continuum. We review the current understanding of how manure management influences direct and indirect N2O emissions and CH4 emissions, introduce new data comparing direct N2O emissions following spreading of a range of manure types by different methods, and highlight some of the mitigations being considered by researchers and policy makers in developed and developing countries.This article is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors; K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.