Graphene and its derivatives in lithium–sulfur batteries
Graphene and its derivatives in lithium–sulfur batteries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mtener.2018.06.001
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Yunya Zhang;Zan Gao;Ningning Song;Jiajun He;Xiaodong Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yunya Zhang;Zan Gao;Ningning Song;Jiajun He;Xiaodong Li
在即将到来的能源和环境危机的边缘，电化学储能迅速获得了动力。在“超越锂离子电池”的竞技场中，锂硫电池因其理论容量高、硫含量丰富而受到广泛关注。然而，由于硫/Li 2S的绝缘性质和多硫化锂的高溶解度，Li-S电池的容量衰减快和寿命短阻碍了其发展。在这种情况下，石墨烯及其衍生物被探索用于克服Li-S电池的缺点。石墨烯具有机械稳定性、高度柔性和异常导电性，能够实现高硫负载、快速电子/离子转移和有效多硫化物封装的丰富孔隙率。另一方面，氧化石墨烯（GO）通常连接有能够与多硫化物化学键合的各种官能团，使得GO具有强的多硫化物捕获能力。石墨烯/GO使能的物理约束和化学相互作用可以通过构建石墨烯-硫构型和掺杂官能团或杂原子来进一步增强。除了固有的优势外，石墨烯和GO与许多工程材料高度相容，使得石墨烯基复合电极有望用于低成本，高性能的Li-S电池。本文从硫/多硫化物与石墨烯的相互作用、硫的渗透方法、硫/石墨烯的构型、石墨烯及其衍生物在锂硫电池中的应用等方面进行了综述，并对石墨烯及其衍生物在锂硫电池中的应用进行了展望。
On the edge of impending energy and environmental crisis, electrochemical energy storage has rapidly gained momentum. Among all the candidates in the “beyond lithium-ion battery” arena, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has attracted extensive attention due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and the abundance of sulfur. However, the development of Li–S battery is hindered by its quick capacity decay and short lifespan because of the insulating nature of sulfur/Li2S and the high solubility of lithium polysulfides. Under this scenario, graphene and its derivatives have been explored to overcome the shortcomings of Li–S batteries. Graphene is mechanically robust, highly flexible, and exceptionally conductive, enabling abundant porosity for high sulfur loading, expeditious electron/ion transfer, and effective polysulfide encapsulation. Graphene oxide (GO), on the other hand, is often attached with various functional groups which are able to chemically bond with polysulfides, rendering GO a strong polysulfide entrapping ability. The graphene/GO enabled physical confinements and chemical interactions can be further enhanced via constructing graphene-sulfur configurations and doping functional groups or heteroatoms. In addition to the intrinsic advantages, graphene and GO are highly compatible with many engineering materials, making graphene-based composite electrodes promising for low-cost, high-performance Li–S batteries. This review article sequentially illustrates the interaction between sulfur/polysulfides and graphene, sulfur infiltration methods, sulfur/graphene configurations, applications of graphene and its derivatives in Li–S batteries, and presents state of the art and future outlook.