Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector
Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector
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ProtoDUNE-SP 探测器中低能电子的识别和重建
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.107.092012
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Adriano, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abud, A. Abed;Abi, B.;Acciarri, R.;Acero, M. A.;Adames, M. R.;Adamov, G.;Adamowski, M.;Adams, D.;Adinolfi, M.;Adriano, C.
测量来自相互作用的电子对于深层地下中微子实验（DUNE）中微子振荡计划至关重要，同时也是标准模型之外的物理学研究，超新星中微子探测和太阳中微子测量。本文介绍了ProtoDUNE-SP探测器中低能（Michel）电子的选择和重构。ProtoDUNE-SP是DUNE远探测器的原型之一，在CERN作为带电粒子测试束实验建造和运行。选取了由宇宙μ子衰变产生的低能电子样品，纯度为95%。该样品用于用两种技术校准低能电子能量标度。基于宇宙射线μ子样本的电子能量校准使用从测量的和模拟的宇宙射线μ子事件导出的校准常数。另一种校准技术利用理论上很好理解的米歇尔电子能谱将重建的电荷转换为电子能量。此外，探测器响应低能电子能量标度和它的分辨率，包括读出电子阈值效应的影响进行了量化。最后，导出了低能电子能谱的理论值与重建值之间的关系，并对能量分辨率进行了表征。这里提出的低能电子选择约占总电子沉积能量的75%。在使用蒙特卡罗模拟添加损失的能量之后，能量分辨率在50 MeV处从约40%提高到25%。这些结果用于验证DUNE远探测器重建低能电子的预期能力。
Measurements of electrons frominteractions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectra is derived, and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50 MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.