Comparative aquatic toxicity of propranolol and its photodegraded mixtures: Algae and rotifer screening
Comparative aquatic toxicity of propranolol and its photodegraded mixtures: Algae and rotifer screening
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DOI：
10.1897/09-071.1
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Qin‐Tao Liu;Tim D. Williams;Rob I. Cumming;G. Holm;Malcolm J. Hetheridge;Richard Murray‐Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qin‐Tao Liu;Tim D. Williams;Rob I. Cumming;G. Holm;Malcolm J. Hetheridge;Richard Murray‐Smith
在污水处理厂或受纳沃茨中，人类代谢形成的药物转化产物预计在大多数情况下对常见水生物种的毒性低于母体化合物。然而，几乎没有可用的数据来证明情况是否普遍如此。在本研究中，开发了一个框架来指导使用β受体阻滞剂普萘洛尔的光转化检测转化产物，以检验这种特定转化途径的假设。光转化是某些药物在地表水中的一种重要消耗机制，在环境相关条件下具有快速反应速率常数。沃茨。将普萘洛尔在去离子水（DIW）和河水（RW）中的样品暴露于太阳模拟器（λ：295-800 nm），并使用藻类（Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata）和轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）筛选试验测量普萘洛尔及其降解混合物的比较毒性。结果表明，在所有测试样品中，与母体活性药物成分相比，光降解混合物的毒性降低。效应供试品溶液的化学分析支持普萘洛尔转化为对研究条件下检测的微生物毒性较低的化合物的假设。虽然反应快得多，在RW比DIW，在两个矩阵中的两个起始浓度（1和10毫克/升）的转化产物的配置文件是相似的。普萘洛尔的结果表明，减少使用藻类和轮虫筛选试验的毒性可能是由于生产更亲水性和更极性的转换产品。这些结果将提供有益的见解，考虑到他们的转化产物的药物的环境风险评估。
Transformation products of pharmaceuticals formed by human metabolism within sewage treatment plant or receiving waters are predicted, in most cases, to be less toxic than the parent compound to common aquatic species. However, there is little available data to demonstrate whether this is generally the case. In the present study, a framework was developed to guide testing of transformation products using phototransformation of the β‐blocker propranolol to test the hypothesis for this particular transformation route. Phototransformation is an important depletion mechanism of some pharmaceuticals in surface waters with fast reaction rate constants at environmentally relevant conditions. Samples of propranolol in deionized water (DIW) and river water (RW) were exposed to a solar simulator (λ: 295–800 nm) and comparative toxicity of propranolol and its degraded mixtures measured using algal (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) screening tests. Results suggested a reduction of toxicity in photodegraded mixtures compared to the parent active pharmaceutical ingredient in all samples tested. Chemical analysis of effect test solutions supported the hypothesis that propranolol was transformed into compounds that appear to be less toxic to the organisms tested under the study conditions. Although the reactions were much faster in RW than in DIW, profiles of transformation products were similar in both matrices at two starting concentrations (1 and 10 mg/L). Results for propranolol implied that the reduction of toxicity using algal and rotifer screening tests was probably due to the production of more hydrophilic and more polar transformation products. Such results will provide useful insights into the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals by taking into account their transformation products.