Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition: an experimental test of amphibian survival
Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition: an experimental test of amphibian survival
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02272.x
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Fisher, Matthew C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garner, Trenton W. J.;Rowcliffe, J. Marcus;Fisher, Matthew C.
气候温度的变化经常被认为在驱动宿主/病原体动态方面发挥着强大的作用，因此，预计未来的疾病模式将因全球变暖而发生变化。然而，大量数据是相关的，并且很少有定量测试来剖析温度变化对宿主和病原体反应的相对影响。在这项研究中，我们通过实验测试了越冬温度对脊椎动物变温宿主（普通蟾蜍）对 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) 感染和死亡的敏感性的影响。我们表明，“不良”（较温暖）的越冬制度会增加感染的可能性，这支持了感染动态通过改变环境温度分布而改变的概念。我们还表明，一旦建立，Bd 在宿主体内的增殖在经历了“好”（较冷）冬天的蟾蜍中表现得更好。我们发现生存与不同的越冬制度之间没有关系，也没有发现疾病对生存有任何持续的有害影响。相反，生存绝大多数是通过测量状况（质量、冬季损失的质量）来预测的，而不是由越冬温度决定的。我们得出的结论是，一群越冬蟾蜍的存活主要是由幼虫期的生长模式驱动的，而不是冬季温度或传染病。
Variation in climatic temperature is frequently cited as playing a powerful role in driving host/pathogen dynamics, and as a consequence future patterns of disease are predicted to change owing to global warming. However, the preponderance of data is correlative and few quantitative tests exist that dissect the relative effects of changing temperature on host and pathogen responses. In this study, we experimentally tested the effect overwintering temperature had on the susceptibility of a vertebrate ectothermic host, the common toad Bufo bufo, to infection and mortality caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We show that a 'poor' (warmer) overwintering regime increases the probability of infection, supporting the concept that the dynamics of infection are altered by changing environmental temperature profiles. We also show once established, the proliferation of Bd in the host was better in toadlets that experienced a 'good' (colder) winter. We find no relationship between survival and the different overwintering regimes or any consistent deleterious influence of disease on survival. Instead, survival is overwhelmingly predicted by measurements of condition (mass, mass lost over winter) that were not determined by overwintering temperature. We conclude that the survival of a cohort of overwintering toadlets is primarily driven by patterns of growth during the larval period rather than winter temperature or infectious disease.