Convergence and Modernisation

Convergence and Modernisation
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DOI:
10.1111/ecoj.12247
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发表时间:
2015-06-01
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Barro, Robert J.
Barro, Robert J.
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barro, Robert J.

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在 1960 年以来的国家面板中,GDP 的估计年收敛率为 1.7%,以时变解释变量为条件。由于国家固定效应,估计的收敛率高得令人误解。从1870年开始的数据来看,国家固定效应是合理的,估计的收敛率为2.6%。结合这两个估计表明条件收敛接近 2% 的铁律率。根据 1960 年后的数据,不考虑国家固定效应的估计揭示了 GDP 和教育对法律、秩序和民主的积极影响——这与现代化假说是一致的。对于 1870 年后的数据,没有或有国家固定效应的估计表明现代化。
In a country panel since 1960, the estimated annual convergence rate for GDP is 1.7%, conditional on time-varying explanatory variables. With country fixed effects, the estimated convergence rate is misleadingly high. With data starting in 1870, country fixed effects are reasonable and the estimated convergence rate is 2.6%. Combining the two estimates suggests conditional convergence close to the iron-law' rate of 2%. With post-1960 data, estimation without country fixed effects reveals positive effects of GDP and schooling on law and order and democracy - consistent with the modernisation hypothesis. With post-1870 data, estimation without or with country fixed effects indicates modernisation.