A Case History in Theory and Experiment: Fluid Flow in Bends
A Case History in Theory and Experiment: Fluid Flow in Bends
复制标题
理论和实验案例：弯管中的流体流动
作者：
R. Apmann
到上个世纪末，水力科学基本上分为两个非常不同的群体：理论水力学家和实验水力学家。每一个领域都在很大程度上独立于其他领域追求自己的目标。因此，在解决许多问题的方法中，理论和实验有效地分离了。流体在弯管中的流动是受这种分离影响的一个问题。几乎所有关于主题1的作者都认识到詹姆斯·汤姆森教授的理性和实验方法，该方法于1876年提出了螺旋流模式。2然而，8年前，约瑟夫·布辛内斯克已经发表了基于纯数学分析的螺旋流描述。3显然，这种早期的理论方法被科学家忽视了。4这似乎是不幸的，因为这两个发现的证明方法相辅相成，共同构成了螺旋流理论的坚实基础。本质上，该理论描述了管道弯曲中的流体运动模式。对河流弯曲的研究、高效管道弯头的设计以及河流的整治都是许多问题的一部分，这些问题的解决取决于对这种流动模式的正确理解。所以
TOWARD the end of the last century hydraulic science was essentially divided into two very different groups: the theoretical hydrodynamicists and the experimental hydraulicians. Each field pursued its own aims largely independently of the other. Thus, theory and experiment were effectively separated in the approach to many problems. The flow of fluids in bends was one problem affected by this separation. Almost all writers on the subject 1 recognize the rational and experimental approach of Professor James Thomson which in 1876 produced his account of spiral flow patterns.2 However, eight years earlier, Joseph Boussinesq had already published a description of spiral flow that was based on a purely mathematical analysis.3 Apparently this earlier theoretical approach has been neglected by scientists.4 This seems unfortunate, for the two discoveries supplement each other by their methods of proof and together they form a strong basis for the theory of spiral flow. In essence this theory describes the pattern of fluid motion in a conduit bend. Studies of stream meandering, the design of efficient pipe bends, and the regulation of rivers are among the many problems whose solutions depend upon a correct understanding of this flow pattern. Hence, the