Rôle des légumineuses sur la fertilité des sols ferrugineux tropicaux des zones guinéenne et soudanienne du Burkina Faso
Rôle des légumineuses sur la fertilité des sols ferrugineux tropicaux des zones guinéenne et soudanienne du Burkina Faso
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布基纳法索几内亚和苏丹热带地区铁质太阳肥力的作用
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
B. Bado
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作者：
B. Bado
固氮豆类作物和当地的农业矿产资源，如磷酸盐（PR）或白云石是一些更便宜的手段，以提高小农系统的生产力。本研究旨在评估花生（Arachis hypogea）和豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）的氮素贡献及其对高粱（Sorghum bicolor）和棉花（Gossypium spp）产量的影响。生物氮的测定采用同位素稀释法。花生固定8至23公斤氮公顷和来自大气中的氮的百分比从27%到34%不等。豇豆固定50至115公斤氮公顷和来自大气的氮的百分比从52%到56%不等。与单施无机氮磷钾肥料相比，当PR、白云石或有机肥与无机肥料一起施用时，豆科植物从大气中固定更多的氮。与连续高粱相比，豆科高粱轮作增加了高粱土壤矿质氮和氮吸收。与连续高粱相比，豆类-高粱轮作使高粱籽粒产量从60%增加到300%。豇豆和花生的氮肥当量分别为25和35 kg N ha-1。在Kouaré，与连续高粱相比，休耕-高粱和豇豆-高粱轮作的土壤为高粱提供了更多的氮，并分别从9个和5个单位增加了肥料氮的利用率。在Farakô-Ba，与连续种植高粱相比，FallowSorcium、花生-棉花-Sorcium和棉花-花生-Sorcium轮作的土壤为高粱提供了更多的氮，肥料氮利用率分别从13、25和32个单位增加。与原始土壤相比，所有轮作均使Kouaré和Farakô-Ba的土壤有机碳分别从52%减少到56%和从29%减少到34%。花生降低土壤和高粱根系线虫感染，但豇豆增加线虫感染。结果表明，与花生或豇豆轮作增加了氮素营养，氮肥利用率，导致更好地利用小农户使用的小剂量肥料。豆科作物、PN、白云石和有机改良剂是提高生物固氮、氮营养和传统系统生产力的廉价手段。
The N2-fixing-legume crops and local agro-mineral resources like rock phosphates (PR) or dolomite are some cheaper means to improve smallholder’s system productivity. This research aims to evaluate the N contribution of groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and their impacts on the succeeding sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and cotton (Gossypium spp) yields. Isotopic dilution method was used for biological nitrogen measurement. Groundnut fixed 8 to 23 kg N ha and the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere varied from 27 to 34 %. Cowpea fixed 50 to 115 kg N ha and the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere varied from 52 to 56 %. Compared to the mineral NPK fertilizer alone, the legumes fixed more nitrogen from the atmosphere when PR, dolomite or manure were applied with mineral fertilizer. Compared to continuous sorghum, Legume-Sorghum rotations increased sol mineral nitrogen and N absorption by sorghum. Legume-Sorghum rotations increased sorghum grain yield from 60 to 300 % compared to continuous sorghum. The N fertilizer equivalencies of cowpea and groundnut were 25 and 35 kg N ha-1 respectively. At Kouaré, the soils of Fallow-Sorghum and Cowpea-Sorghum rotations provided more nitrogen to sorghum and increased fertilizer N use efficiency from 9 and 5 units respectively compared to continuous sorghum. At Farakô-Ba, the soils of FallowSorghum, Groundnut-Cotton-Sorghum and Cotton-Groundnut-Sorghum rotations provided more nitrogen to sorghum and increased fertilizer N use efficiency from 13, 25 and 32 units respectively compared to continuous sorghum. Compared to the original soil, all rotations decreased soil organic carbon at Kouaré and Farakô-Ba from 52 to 56 % and from 29 to 34 % respectively. Groundnut decreased soil and sorghum roots infection by nematodes but cowpea increased nematode infection. The results showed that crop rotations with groundnut or cowpea increased N nutrition, N fertilizer use efficiency, leading to a better use of the small doses of fertilizers used by smallholder farmers. Legume crop, PN, dolomite and organic amendments are cheaper means to increase BNF, N nutrition and traditional system productivities.