Tobacco interventions delivered by pharmacists: A summary and systematic review
Tobacco interventions delivered by pharmacists: A summary and systematic review
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DOI：
10.1592/phco.27.7.1040
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Noonan, Curtis W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dent, Larry A.;Harris, Kari Jo;Noonan, Curtis W.
背景作为最容易获得的卫生保健专业人员之一，药剂师处于提供戒烟和预防服务的理想位置。虽然人们越来越有兴趣扩大药剂师在烟草治疗中的作用，但很少有已发表的研究评估了美国药剂师提供的戒烟服务的功效或有效性。总结和评论的研究，检查药剂师提供戒烟服务。从1980-2006年发表的文献的系统综述中识别出同行评审期刊中出现的英文文章。如果干预措施是由药剂师提供的，如果干预措施包括美国食品和药物管理局批准的药物（如果使用药物治疗），以及如果可以计算戒烟率，则选择出版物进行审查。15项研究符合纳入标准。其中14项研究针对吸烟，1项针对吐出（咀嚼）烟草。5项研究为对照研究，10项为非对照研究。其中一项对照研究（咀嚼烟草）和八项非对照研究在美国进行。美国非对照研究的结果表明，药剂师可以提供戒烟服务。其中三项对照研究发现，基于药剂师的干预与对照组之间存在统计学显著差异，另外两项研究的趋势是药剂师提供的干预的有效性。15项研究中只有6项使用生化指标来验证自我报告的终止。回顾的非对照和对照研究表明，药剂师可以提供戒烟干预措施，证据强烈表明，他们在帮助吸烟者戒烟方面是有效的。需要在美国进行的控制良好并包括吸烟状态的生化验证的未来研究，以明确证实药剂师提供的干预措施对戒烟有效。随着药剂师的可用性和扩大培训，这是一个测试和传播循证研究评估药剂师提供的戒烟服务的有效性的适当时机。
Background. As one of the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are in an ideal position to provide tobacco-cessation and prevention services. Although there is growing interest in expanding the pharmacist's role in tobacco treatment, few published studies have assessed the efficacy or effectiveness of tobacco-cessation services delivered by pharmacists in the United States.Objective. To summarize and critique studies that examined pharmacist-delivered tobacco-cessation services.Methods. Articles written in English that appeared in peer-reviewed journals were identified from a systematic review of literature published from 1980-2006. Publications were selected for review if the interventions were delivered by pharmacists, if the intervention included United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs (if drug therapy was used), and if smoking-cessation rates could be calculated.Results. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Fourteen of the studies targeted smoking, and one targeted spit (chewing) tobacco. Five studies were controlled, and 10 were uncontrolled. One of the controlled studies (chewing tobacco) and eight of the uncontrolled studies were conducted in the United States. Findings of the uncontrolled U.S. studies suggest that pharmacists can deliver smoking-cessation services. Three of the controlled studies found statistically significant differences between the pharmacist-based intervention and the control group, and the trend in the other two studies was toward the effectiveness of the pharmacist-delivered intervention. Only six of the 15 studies reviewed used biochemical measures to verify self-reported cessation.Conclusion. The uncontrolled and controlled studies reviewed demonstrate that pharmacists can deliver tobacco-cessation interventions, and the evidence strongly suggests that they are effective in helping smokers to quit. Future studies conducted in the United States that are well controlled and include biochemical verification of smoking status are needed to provide definitive confirmation that pharmacist-delivered interventions are effective for smoking cessation. With the availability and expanded training of pharmacists, this is an opportune time for testing and disseminating evidence-based research evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered tobacco-cessation services.