Knowing Me, Knowing You: The Accuracy and Unique Predictive Validity of Self-Ratings and Other-Ratings of Daily Behavior
Knowing Me, Knowing You: The Accuracy and Unique Predictive Validity of Self-Ratings and Other-Ratings of Daily Behavior
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DOI：
10.1037/a0013314
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Mehl, Matthias R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vazire, Simine;Mehl, Matthias R.
许多人认为他们比任何人都更了解自己。然而，最近关于自我认知不准确的研究表明，自我认识可能比人们通常认为的更有限。在这篇文章中，作者研究了人们了解一个人的可能性，就像这个人了解自己一样(或者比这个人更了解自己)。在研究1中，作者记录了外行人认为自我是最好的专家的信念的力量。在研究2中，作者使用一个客观和有代表性的行为标准对自我和他人的准确性进行了直接测试。为了做到这一点，作者将日常行为的自我和他人评级与4天内不引人注目地评估的行为频率的真实测量进行了比较。我们的结果表明，亲近的人在预测日常行为方面与自己一样准确。此外，对于自己和他人的行为，准确性也各不相同，这两种观点往往独立地预测行为。这些发现表明，没有一个单一的视角最了解一个人，而且自我和他人都对一个人的典型行为拥有独特的洞察力。
Many people assume that they know themselves better than anyone else knows them. Recent research on inaccuracies in self-perception, however, Suggests that self-knowledge may be more limited than people typically assume. In this article, the authors examine the possibility that people may know a person as well as (or better than) that person knows himself or herself. In Study 1, the authors document the strength of laypeople's beliefs that the self is the best expert. In Study 2. the authors provide a direct test of self- and other-accuracy using an objective and representative behavioral criterion. To do this, the authors compared self- and other-ratings of daily behavior to real-life measures of act frequencies assessed unobtrusively over 4 days. Our results show that close others are as accurate as the self in predicting daily behavior. Furthermore, accuracy varies across behaviors for both the self and for others, and the two perspectives often independently predict behavior. These findings suggest that there is no single perspective from which a person is known best and that both the self and others possess unique insight into how a person typically behaves.