Understanding how input matters: verb learning and the footprint of universal grammar
Understanding how input matters: verb learning and the footprint of universal grammar
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00230-5
复制
发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gleitman, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lidz, J;Gleitman, H;Gleitman, L
以“句法引导”为标题的研究表明，句法指导幼儿在动词学习过程中的解释。我们评估两个假设的句法自举效应的起源。“普遍主义”的观点，认为句法引导福尔斯从句法语义映射的普遍属性，被证明是上级的“涌现主义”的观点，认为论点结构模式出现的过程中的分类和概括的输入。这些理论在预测一种语言时存在分歧，在这种语言中，句法结构不是某种意义的最可靠线索。在卡纳达语中，使役形态比及物性更能预测使役意义。因此，突现主义的观点预测说卡纳达语的儿童会将使役形态（有利于及物句法）与使役意义联系起来。然而，普遍主义理论却预言了相反的模式。使用一个act-out任务，我们发现，3岁的母语卡纳达语的关联参数数，而不是形态形式与因果关系，支持普遍主义的方法。(C)2003 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Studies under the heading "syntactic bootstrapping" have demonstrated that syntax guides young children's interpretations during verb learning. We evaluate two hypotheses concerning the origins of syntactic bootstrapping effects. The "universalist" view, holding that syntactic bootstrapping falls out from universal properties of the syntax-semantics mapping, is shown to be superior to the "emergentist" view, which holds that argument structure patterns emerge from a process of categorization and generalization over the input. These theories diverge in their predictions about a language in which syntactic structure is not the most reliable cue to a certain meaning. In Kannada, causative morphology is a better predictor of causative meaning than transitivity is. Hence, the emergentist view predicts that Kannada-speaking children will associate causative morphology (in favor of transitive syntax) with causative meaning. The universalist theory, however, predicts the opposite pattern. Using an act-out task, we found that 3-year-old native speakers of Kannada associate argument number and not morphological form with causativity, supporting the universalist approach. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.