The trade-off between natural capital and human capital in Pakistan
The trade-off between natural capital and human capital in Pakistan
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11625-022-01143-w
复制
发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Moinul Islam;Bingqi Zhang;Shunsuke Managi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moinul Islam;Bingqi Zhang;Shunsuke Managi
巴基斯坦是世界第五大人口大国，拥有丰富的自然资源。在1990年至2019年期间，巴基斯坦人均自然资源平均损失。可持续的经济增长需要认识到，长期繁荣取决于我们对自然产品和服务的需求与自然提供这些产品和服务的能力之间的平衡。本文计算了1992 - 2019年巴基斯坦国家层面、地理网格层面和省级层面的自然资本（NC）、人力资本（HC）、生产资本（PC）和包容性财富（IW）。数据分析表明，在研究期间，所有三个级别的NC增长明显下降。根据分解的电网单元级数据分析，由于政府的不同措施，巴基斯坦的HC和PC正增长。在化石燃料储量减少的地区，巴基斯坦的NC减少，在城市化过程中，自然土地覆盖被转化为其他用途。巴基斯坦的经济能否持续增长，很大程度上取决于其数控基础。因此，维持国家信息中心的基础是决策者的一个优先事项。巴基斯坦的IW估计为政策制定者提供了一个框架，以审视可持续发展的三个主要问题：第一，在做出可持续性决策时，了解不同资产基础和时间的权衡至关重要;第二，了解社会价格和市场价格及其偏差;第三，国家资产负债表的资产方面现在扩大到包括HC和NC。
Pakistan is the fifth largest populous nation in the world, and it is endowed with significant wealth in natural resources. During the period 1990–2019, Pakistan suffered an average loss in natural resources per capita. Genuinely sustainable economic growth requires the recognition that long-term prosperity depends upon balancing our demand for nature’s goods and services with its capacity to provide them. This article calculates the natural capital (NC), human capital (HC), produced capital (PC) and inclusive wealth (IW) of Pakistan from 1992 to 2019 at the national level, geographic grid level, and provincial level. The data analysis shows that the growth of NC clearly decreases over the period of the study at all three levels. According to the disaggregated grid cell level data analysis, HC and PC of Pakistan grow positively due to the different measures of government. NC in Pakistan decreases in the areas where the reserve of fossil fuels decreases, and natural land cover is converted to other uses in the process of urbanization. Whether Pakistan’s economy can continue to grow sustainably largely depends upon its NC base. Therefore, maintaining the NC base is a priority for policymakers. The IW estimates for Pakistan offer policymakers a framework to look at three main issues for sustainable development: first, understanding trade-offs across different asset bases and time when making sustainability decisions is critically important; second, understanding social prices and market prices and their deviations; third, the asset side of the national balance sheet is now expanded to include HC and NC.