Microbial genomics of the global ocean system
Microbial genomics of the global ocean system
复制标题
全球海洋系统的微生物基因组学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Kostka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Joye;J. Kostka
2020年是深水地平线（DWH）灾难发生10周年。从2010年4月到7月，估计共有490万桶石油和25万公吨天然气排入墨西哥湾。这场悲剧不仅造成11人丧生，而且还对海湾的海洋和沿海生态系统以及依赖这些栖息地谋生的居民造成了持久的影响。漏油事件发生后，墨西哥湾的微生物群落在清理工作中发挥了关键作用，为碳氢化合物生物修复提供了核心服务。尽管海洋碳氢化合物微生物学很重要，但它是一个年轻的领域。在泄漏之前，对海洋碳氢化合物降解剂的了解相对较少。
从2010年开始，基因组学和生物信息学工具的开发和应用使研究人员能够首次以前所未有的细节识别和检查复杂群落中的单个微生物。今天，技术进步和新发现揭示了墨西哥湾微生物催化石油碳氢化合物生物修复的天然能力。这些知识对于指导缓解和恢复战略至关重要，这些战略建立在微生物的天然生物修复能力基础上，而不会进一步干扰敏感的生态系统。
本报告基于参加2019年4月美国微生物学学会、ASM荣誉领导小组、美国地球物理联盟（AGU）和墨西哥湾研究计划（GoMRI）联合座谈会的专家的审议。该报告强调了新的研究工具、方法论、数据资源、合作和模型，这些工具、方法论、数据资源、合作和模型将推进基础和应用研究，为环境挑战提供数据驱动的解决方案。
The year 2020 marks the 10th anniversary of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster. From April through July 2010, an estimated total of 4.9 million barrels of oil and 250,000 metric tonnes of natural gas were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico. Not only were eleven lives lost, but the tragedy also left a lasting impact on the Gulf’s marine and coastal ecosystems and on the residents who depend on these habitats for their livelihood. After the oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico’s microbial communities played a critical role in the cleanup, contributing core hydrocarbon bioremediation services. Despite its importance, marine hydrocarbon microbiology is a young field. Prior to the spill relatively little was known about marine hydrocarbon degraders.
Beginning in 2010, the development and application of genomics and bioinformatics tools enabled researchers- for the first time- to identify and examine individual microorganisms within their complex communities in unprecedented detail. Today, technical advances and new discoveries reveal a natural capacity of microbes in the Gulf of Mexico to catalyze bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. This knowledge is critical to guide mitigation and restoration strategies that build on microbes’ natural bioremediation capabilities without further disturbing sensitive ecosystems.
This report is based on the deliberations of experts who participated in the joint colloquium of the American Academy of Microbiology, ASM’s honorific leadership group, the American Geophysical Union (AGU), and Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) in April 2019. The report highlights new research tools, methodology, data resources, collaborations, and models that will advance basic and applied research to provide data-driven solutions to environmental challenges.