Peers increase adolescent risk taking even when the probabilities of negative outcomes are known.
Peers increase adolescent risk taking even when the probabilities of negative outcomes are known.
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即使负面结果的可能性已知，同龄人也会增加青少年的冒险行为。
DOI：
10.1037/a0035696
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Steinberg,Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,AshleyR;Chein,Jason;Steinberg,Laurence
大多数青少年的冒险行为发生在同龄人在场的情况下，最近的研究表明，同龄人的存在可能会改变对决策的潜在回报和成本的评估或感知。当前的研究通过调查当明确提供做出明智决定所需的信息时，同伴观察如何影响青少年的冒险行为，进一步探讨了这一概念。我们使用了一种新颖的概率赌博任务，其中参与者决定是玩还是传递一系列奖励和损失结果概率明确的提议。青少年参与者要么独自完成任务，要么相信他们正在被隔壁房间的未知同伴观察。相信同伴正在观察他们的参与者比单独完成任务的参与者更频繁地选择赌博，这种效应对于损失可能性更大的决策最为明显。这些结果表明，即使提供了有关积极和消极结果可能性的具体信息，同龄人的存在也会增加青少年的冒险行为。这些发现扩展了我们对同龄人如何影响青少年决策的理解，并对旨在减少青春期危险行为的教育计划的价值产生了重要影响。
The majority of adolescent risk taking occurs in the presence of peers, and recent research suggests that the presence of peers may alter how the potential rewards and costs of a decision are valuated or perceived. The current study further explores this notion by investigating how peer observation affects adolescent risk taking when the information necessary to make an informed decision is explicitly provided. We used a novel probabilistic gambling task in which participants decided whether to play or pass on a series of offers for which the reward and loss outcome probabilities were made explicit. Adolescent participants completed the task either alone or under the belief that they were being observed by an unknown peer in a neighboring room. Participants who believed a peer was observing them chose to gamble more often than participants who completed the task alone, and this effect was most evident for decisions with a greater probability of loss. These results suggest that the presence of peers can increase risk taking among adolescents even when specific information regarding the likelihood of positive and negative outcomes is provided. The findings expand our understanding of how peers influence adolescent decision making and have important implications regarding the value of educational programs aimed at reducing risky behaviors during adolescence.