Measuring and modelling the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics under a changing climate and different management scenarios
Measuring and modelling the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics under a changing climate and different management scenarios
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DOI：
10.1111/sum.13029
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发表时间：
2024-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Collins，L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pun，I.;Galdos，M. V.;Collins，L.
畜牧业和种植业相结合的混合农业系统对有机农业、生态农业和再生农业至关重要。对改善福利制度的需求使得户外养猪的做法非常流行；它目前占英国养猪业的40%，也被整合到耕地轮作中。除了户外生产系统的好处之外，它们还可能对农田构成环境风险，例如土壤中氮和磷的积累、土壤侵蚀和板结以及碳损失。尽管如此，与其他家畜品种相比，室外养猪和耕地轮作对土壤健康的影响仍在研究中。本研究于2018年至2020年在利兹大学研究农场进行，采用实验和建模相结合的方法，了解户外猪对土壤碳和养分动态的影响。在引进猪之前和在引进猪后的第一年和第二年年底连续测量了耕地土壤的理化性质。对控制点（无猪，每年割一次草）和猪圈（猪与可耕地作物轮作）进行了评估。土壤取样深度分别为0 ~ 10 cm和10 ~ 20 cm。结果表明，2019 ~ 2020年猪圈土壤0 ~ 10 cm和10 ~ 20 cm土壤土壤有机碳储量分别下降7%和3%，全速效氮和全速效磷显著高于对照。因此，在0 ~ 20 cm深度，2019年和2020年，对照区平均总有效氮分别为2.51和2.68 mg kg - 1，猪圈区平均总有效氮分别为21.76和20.45 mg kg - 1。2019年和2020年，猪圈0 ~ 20 cm的平均速效磷分别为26.54和37.02 mg kg - 1in， 48.15和63.58 mg kg - 1in。采用基于过程的模型（DayCent）模拟了室外养猪耕作轮作过程中土壤碳氮动态，结果表明，在未来气候CMIP5 RCP 8.5情景下，2020 - 2048年土壤有机碳储量损失为- 0.09±0.23 T C ha - 1 - 1。为了减少这种损失，我们模拟了改变养猪轮作管理的影响，发现缩短猪在田间的滞留时间、在田间种植草和在作物轮作中种植豆科作物可以减少SOC库存的损失。
A mixed agricultural system that integrates livestock and cropping is essential to organic, agroecological, and regenerative farming. The demand for improved welfare systems has made the practice of outdoor rearing of pigs very popular; it currently makes up 40% of the UK pig industry and has also been integrated into arable rotations. Besides the benefits of outdoor production systems, they also potentially pose environmental risks to farmlands, such as accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, soil erosion and compaction and carbon loss. Despite this, the impact of outdoor pigs and arable crop rotations on soil health has been under‐researched relative to other livestock species. This study was conducted at the University of Leeds Research Farm from 2018 to 2020 using a combined experimental and modelling approach to understand the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. The physio‐chemical properties of arable soil were measured prior to the introduction of the pigs and after introducing the pigs at the end of first and second years, consecutively. There was assessment of control sites (without pigs, mowing once a year) and pig pens (pigs in a rotation with arable crops). The soil was sampled at two different depths, 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. It was observed that measured soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the soil depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layer were decreased by 7% and 3%, respectively, in the pig pens from 2019 to 2020, and total available nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher in pig pens than the control sites. Hence, at a depth between 0 and 20 cm, the average total available nitrogen was 2.51 and 2.68 mg kg−1in the control sites and 21.76 and 20.45 mg kg−1in the pig pens in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The average total available phosphorus at 0–20 cm was 26.54 and 37.02 mg kg−1in control sites and 48.15 and 63.58 mg kg−1in pig pens during 2019 and 2020, respectively. A process‐based model (DayCent) was used to simulate soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the arable rotation with outdoor pigs and showed SOC stock losses of – 0.09 ± 0.23 T C ha−1year−1using the future climate CMIP5 RCP 8.5 scenario for 2020 to 2048. To reduce this loss, we modelled the impact of changing the management of the pig rotation and found that the loss of SOC stock could be decreased by shortening the period of pig retention in the field, growing grass in the field, and leguminous crops in the crop rotation.