Document analysis in health policy research: the READ approach.

Document analysis in health policy research: the READ approach.
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卫生政策研究中的文件分析:READ方法。

DOI:
10.1093/heapol/czaa064
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发表时间:
2021-02-16
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
McMahon SA
McMahon SA
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dalglish SL;Khalid H;McMahon SA

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文献分析是卫生政策研究中最常用、最有力的方法之一。虽然现有的定性研究手册提供了进行文件分析的方向,很少有具体的讨论如何使用这种方法来理解和分析卫生政策。借鉴其他学科的指导和我们自己的研究经验,我们提出了一个系统的方法,在卫生政策研究中的文件分析称为阅读方法:(1)准备你的材料,(2)提取数据,(3)分析数据和(4)验证你的发现。我们在每一步都提供实用的建议,并考虑认识论和理论问题,如文件的社会建构性质及其在现代官僚机构中的作用。我们提供了文件分析的例子,从我们在巴基斯坦和尼日尔的工作,其中文件提供了关键的洞察力和先进的经验和理论理解的卫生政策问题的两个案例研究。每个案例研究的编码工具作为补充文件包括在内,以启发和指导未来的研究。这些案例研究说明了严格的文件分析对于理解政策内容和过程以及围绕政策的讨论的价值,其方式是使用其他方法无法实现的,或者极大地丰富了其他方法,如深入访谈和观察。鉴于文件对卫生政策研究的中心性质和批判性阅读文件的重要性,READ方法为最大限度地利用文件和确保文件分析的严谨性提供了实用指导。
Document analysis is one of the most commonly used and powerful methods in health policy research. While existing qualitative research manuals offer direction for conducting document analysis, there has been little specific discussion about how to use this method to understand and analyse health policy. Drawing on guidance from other disciplines and our own research experience, we present a systematic approach for document analysis in health policy research called the READ approach: (1) ready your materials, (2) extract data, (3) analyse data and (4) distil your findings. We provide practical advice on each step, with consideration of epistemological and theoretical issues such as the socially constructed nature of documents and their role in modern bureaucracies. We provide examples of document analysis from two case studies from our work in Pakistan and Niger in which documents provided critical insight and advanced empirical and theoretical understanding of a health policy issue. Coding tools for each case study are included as Supplementary Files to inspire and guide future research. These case studies illustrate the value of rigorous document analysis to understand policy content and processes and discourse around policy, in ways that are either not possible using other methods, or greatly enrich other methods such as in-depth interviews and observation. Given the central nature of documents to health policy research and importance of reading them critically, the READ approach provides practical guidance on gaining the most out of documents and ensuring rigour in document analysis.
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