Mapping urban living standards and economic activity in developing countries with energy data.

Mapping urban living standards and economic activity in developing countries with energy data.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0291824
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
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发展中国家的城市数据不足阻碍了基于证据的规划和政策。能源数据能否作为大城市地区生活水平或经济活动的当地代表来克服这一挑战?为了回答这个问题,我们研究了巴基斯坦大城市卡拉奇的地理参考住宅电表数据和夜间灯光 (NTL) 数据的潜力。首先,我们使用全国代表性的调查数据来建立用电量和家庭生活水平之间的紧密联系。其次,我们将 NTL 数据的网格辐射值与一个独特的数据集进行比较,该数据集包含该市超过 200 万个家庭的地理参考每月用电量中值。最后,我们开发了一个模型,使用开放街道地图中经济活动的代理指标来解释城市内辐射值的变化。总体而言,我们发现 NTL 数据不能很好地反映生活水平,但确实反映了人口密度和经济活动的空间变化。相比之下,电力数据是生活水平的绝佳代表,可以更广泛地用于为低收入和中等收入国家城市的政策提供信息并支持贫困研究。
Urban data deficits in developing countries impede evidence-based planning and policy. Could energy data be used to overcome this challenge by serving as a local proxy for living standards or economic activity in large urban areas? To answer this question, we examine the potential of georeferenced residential electricity meter data and night-time lights (NTL) data in the megacity of Karachi, Pakistan. First, we use nationally representative survey data to establish a strong association between electricity consumption and household living standards. Second, we compare gridded radiance values from NTL data with a unique dataset containing georeferenced median monthly electricity consumption values for over 2 million individual households in the city. Finally, we develop a model to explain intra-urban variation in radiance values using proxy measures of economic activity from Open Street Map. Overall, we find that NTL data are a poor proxy for living standards but do capture spatial variation in population density and economic activity. By contrast, electricity data are an excellent proxy for living standards and could be used more widely to inform policy and support poverty research in cities in low- and middle-income countries.
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