Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes
Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes
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DOI：
10.1021/es040055r
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发表时间：
2005-02-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Poiger, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balmer, ME;Buser, HR;Poiger, T
有机UV过滤剂用于个人护理产品如防晒产品，以及用于化妆品、美容霜、皮肤乳液、唇膏、发胶、染发剂、洗发剂等。这些化合物通过废水处理厂（WWTP）的淋浴、洗掉、洗涤（洗衣）等（“间接输入”）和在湖泊和河流中游泳和洗浴等娱乐活动（“直接输入”）进入水生环境。在这项研究中，我们调查了四个重要的有机紫外线过滤化合物（二苯甲酮-3，BP-3; 4-甲基亚苄基樟脑，4-MBC;乙基己基甲氧基肉桂酸酯，EHMC;三氯乙烯，OC）在废水中的发生，并在水和鱼从瑞士各湖泊，使用气相色谱/质谱分析。所有四个紫外线过滤器存在于未经处理的废水（污水处理厂进水）的最大浓度为19杯L-1的EHMC。数据表明，在温暖的季节（2002年6月）比在寒冷的季节（2002年4月）进水负荷较高的季节性变化。进水负荷为EHIVIC > 4-MBC，类似于BP-3 > OC。经处理的废水（污水处理厂流出物）中的浓度要低得多，这表明在工厂中已基本消除。4-MBC通常是最常见的化合物（最大浓度，2.7 μ g L-1），其次是BP-3、EHMC和OC。在瑞士米德兰的湖泊和一条河流（利马特）中也检测到了紫外线过滤剂，这些湖泊和河流接受来自污水处理厂和娱乐活动的输入。然而，所有浓度都很低（
Organic UV filters are used in personal care products such as sunscreen products, and in cosmetics, beauty creams, skin lotions, lipsticks, hair sprays, hair dyes, shampoos, and so forth. The compounds enter the aquatic environment from showering, wash-off, washing (laundering), and so forth via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) ("indirect inputs") and from recreational activities such as swimming and bathing in lakes and rivers ("direct inputs"). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of four important organic UV filter compounds (benzophenone-3, BP-3; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 4-MBC; ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate, EHMC; octocrylene, OC) in wastewater, and in water and fish from various Swiss lakes, using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses. All four UV filters were present in untreated wastewater (WWTP influent) with a maximum concentration of 19 mug L-1 for EHMC. The data indicate a seasonal variation with influent loads higher in the warmer season (June 2002) than in the colder one (April 2002). The influent loads were in the order EHIVIC > 4-MBC similar to BP-3 > OC. The concentrations in treated wastewater (WWTP effluent) were considerably lower, indicating substantial elimination in the plants. 4-MBC was usually the most prevalent compound (maximum concentration, 2.7 mug L-1), followed by BP-3, EHMC, and OC. UV filters were also detected in Swiss midland lakes and a river (Limmat) receiving inputs from WWTPs and recreational activities. However, all concentrations were low (