Trends in Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in the United States
Trends in Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104641
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Finkelhor, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finkelhor, David
背景资料：重要的是那些呼吁讨论健康的主要社会决定因素，如不良童年经历（ACE），有准确的知识代际趋势，其prevalence.Objective：审查现有的趋势数据的主要形式的ACES.Methods：搜索的学术数据库进行了组合的术语“趋势”与各种术语指的是童年的逆境。世纪以来关于ACE的现有趋势数据显示，父母死亡、父母疾病、兄弟姐妹死亡和贫困的数量在几十年内下降，但父母离婚、父母吸毒和父母入狱的数量在几十年内增加。世纪前15至18年的ACE趋势数据显示，父母患病、兄弟姐妹死亡、遭受家庭暴力、童年贫困、父母离婚、严重的儿童疾病、身体虐待、性虐待、身体和情感欺凌以及遭受社区暴力的情况有所减少。两个21世纪世纪ACE增加是父母酗酒和吸毒。总体而言，ACE的历史和近期改善似乎多于恶化。但美国仍然明显落后于其他发达国家在许多这些indicators.Conclusion：改善意识，以及持续的挑战，是重要的激励政策制定者和从业人员，并促使他们认识到成功的预防ACE的可行性。
Background: It is important for those called upon to discuss major social determinants of health such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to have accurate knowledge about generational trends in their prevalence.Objective: To review available trend data on major forms of ACEs.Methods: A search of academic data bases was conducted by combining the term "trend" with a variety of terms referring to childhood adversities.Results: Available trend data on ACEs from the 20th century show multi-decade declines in parental death, parental illness, sibling death, and poverty, but multi-decade increases in parental divorce, parental drug abuse and parental incarceration. More recent trend data on ACEs for the first fifteen to eighteen years of the 21st century show declines in parental illness, sibling death, exposure to domestic violence, childhood poverty, parental divorce, serious childhood illness, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical and emotional bullying and exposure to community violence. Two 21st century ACE increases were for parental alcohol and drug abuse. Overall, there appear to have been more historical and recent improvements in ACEs than deteriorations. But the US still lags conspicuously behind other developed countries on many of these indicators.Conclusion: Awareness of improvements, as well as persistent challenges, are important to motivate policy makers and practitioners and to prompt them to recognize the feasibility of success in the prevention of ACEs.