Effects of stress and social supports on mother-child interactions in single- and two-parent families.
Effects of stress and social supports on mother-child interactions in single- and two-parent families.
复制标题
压力和社会支持对单亲和双亲家庭母子互动的影响。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00548.x
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
B. Wolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Weinraub;B. Wolf
社会网络、应对能力、生活压力和母子互动在28对母子中进行了研究，其中14对是单身母亲和她们学龄前的孩子，14对是已婚妇女和孩子。采用问卷法测量母亲的社交网络、应对能力和生活压力；采用母子互动情境测量母亲控制、母亲成熟需求、母亲养育、母子沟通和儿童依从性。单身父母往往比已婚父母在社会上更孤立。他们的工作时间更长，得到的情感和父母的支持也更少。他们往往拥有不太稳定的社交网络，并经历更多潜在的压力生活变化。只有在家庭方面，单亲母亲比双亲母亲报告的应对困难更多。在5个母子互动变量中均未发现显著差异。在两个样本中，不同的变量预测了母子互动。在单亲家庭中，预测最佳的母子互动是更少的压力生活事件，减少社会接触，增加育儿支持，以及母亲的工作时间。在双亲家庭中预测最佳的互动是较少的压力生活事件，对情感支持的满意度，以及家庭帮助的可用性。在两组中，社会接触、家务帮助和就业对母子互动的预测存在差异。这些差异对描述社会网络和母亲适应对儿童发展的影响的影响，以及对干预的影响进行了考虑。
Social networks, coping abilities, life stresses, and mother-child interaction were studied in 28 mother-child pairs--14 single mothers and their preschool children and 14 matched married women and children. Questionnaires were used to measure the mothers' social network, coping abilities, and life stress; a mother-child interaction situation was used to measure maternal control, maternal maturity demands, maternal nurturance, mother-child communication, and child compliance. Single parents tended to be more socially isolated than married parents. They worked longer hours and received less emotional and less parental support. They tended to have less stable social networks and experience more potentially stressful life changes. Only in the household area did single mothers report more difficulties coping than 2-parent mothers. No significant differences were found in any of the 5 mother-child interaction variables. Different variables predicted mother-child interaction in the 2 samples. Predicting optimal mother-child interaction in single-parent families were fewer stressful life events, reduced social contact, increased parenting support, and hours maternal employment. Predicting optimal interaction in 2-parent families were fewer stressful life events, satisfaction with emotional support, and the availability of household help. Social contacts, household help, and employment differentially predicted mother-child interactions in the 2 groups. Implications of these differences for descriptions of the effect of social networks and maternal adjustment on child development are considered, as are implications for intervention.