Investigating the Accuracy of One‐Dimensional Volcanic Plume Models using Laboratory Experiments and Field Data

Investigating the Accuracy of One‐Dimensional Volcanic Plume Models using Laboratory Experiments and Field Data
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使用实验室实验和现场数据研究一维火山羽流模型的准确性

DOI:
10.1029/2018jb017224
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Solovitz, Stephen A.
Solovitz, Stephen A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
McNeal, James S.;Freedland, Graham;Mastin, Larry G.;Cal, Raúl Bayoán;Solovitz, Stephen A.

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在火山爆发期间,模型对羽流高度的预测受到许多羽流模型中使用的夹带系数的准确性的限制。通常,使用两个参数α和β,其分别将夹带空气速度与轴向和横向流动方向上的射流速度相关联。为了改进对这些参数的估计,已经针对一系列侧风速度和湍流条件进行了风洞实验。测量结果直接与一维羽流模型Plumeria在近场射流弯曲区域的计算结果进行比较。通过回归分析确定夹带系数,证明有效α和β值的最佳组合。对于湍流条件,所有风速重叠在一个组合中,α= 0.06和β=0.46,每个值都比标准值略有降低。精化系数被用来模拟20个历史喷发的羽流高度。在大多数情况下,模型的准确性略有提高,与观测到的羽流高度在3公里以内。对于弱喷发,实地测量的不确定性可能超过这些改进的影响,说明在实践中应用羽流模型的挑战。
During volcanic eruptions, model predictions of plume height are limited by the accuracy of entrainment coefficients used in many plume models. Typically, two parameters are used,αandβ, which relate the entrained air speed to the jet speed in the axial and cross‐flow directions, respectively. To improve estimates of these parameters, wind tunnel experiments have been conducted for a range of cross‐wind velocities and turbulence conditions. Measurements are compared directly to computations from the 1‐D plume model, Plumeria, in the near‐field, bending region of the jet. Entrainment coefficients are determined through regression analysis, demonstrating optimal combinations of effectiveαandβvalues. For turbulent conditions, all wind speeds overlapped at a single combination,α= 0.06 andβ=0.46, each of which are slightly reduced from standard values. Refined coefficients were used to model plume heights for 20 historical eruptions. Model accuracy improves modestly in most cases, agreeing to within 3 km with observed plume heights. For weak eruptions, uncertainty in field measurements can outweigh the effects of these refinements, illustrating the challenge of applying plume models in practice.
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