Spatial Visualization in Solving Complex Verbal Problems.
Spatial Visualization in Solving Complex Verbal Problems.
复制标题
解决复杂语言问题的空间可视化。
DOI：
10.1080/00223980.1969.10544972
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发表时间：
1969
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Holder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Frandsen;J. Holder
几个内部和外部因素的差异使个体在解决复杂问题时的效率有所不同。作为内部因素，Gagne包括存储的信息量、概念或规则的保持能力、区分问题情境的相关方面和无关方面的能力、形成假设的流畅性和灵活性、在解决问题的活动序列中面对干扰时解决方案模型和数据的持续保持，以及检查发生在一般解决方案模型中的具体解决方案的准确性，以便接受正确的匹配和拒绝不正确的解决方案。外部因素包括问题情境中的线索、言语指导和指导学习者有效地完成任务的指示(1)。有了这几个内部和外部因素的组合，一个特别有利的外部因素，如有效的教学，似乎可以弥补内部因素的不足，例如当问题被象征性地处理时，数据持续保持在问题中。当复杂的问题--如字谜、三段论、旅行距离的时间速率和其他物体交互问题--口头呈现时，解决这些问题通常需要牢记和处理解决方案的多个组成部分。空间模式的想象力可视化能力应该会促进这种解决方案。
Differences in several internal and external factors make individuals vary in their effectiveness in solving complex problems. As internal factors, Gagne includes amount of stored information, retention of concepts or rules, ability in discriminating relevant from irrelevant aspects of the problem situation, fluency and flexibility in forming hypotheses, sustained retention of the solution model and data in face of interferences during the sequence of problemsolving activities, and accuracy in checking the specific solutions which occur against the general solution model so as to accept a correct match and reject incorrect ones. The external factors include the cues in the problem situation, verbal directions, and instructions which guide the learner efficiently through the task (1). With this combination of several internal and external factors, it seems probable that an especially favorable external factor, such as efficient instruction, could compensate for a deficiency in an internal factor, such as sustained retention of the data in the problem while they are being symbolically manipulated.When complex problems-such as anagrams, syllogisms, time-rate-of-traveldistance, and other object-interaction problems-are presented verbally, solving them often requires holding in mind and manipulating the multiple components of the solutions. Ability in imaginative visualization of spatial patterns should facilitate such solutions.