Japanese encephalitis virus activates autophagy as a viral immune evasion strategy.

Japanese encephalitis virus activates autophagy as a viral immune evasion strategy.
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日本脑炎病毒激活自噬作为病毒免疫逃避策略

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0052909
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Xiao G
Xiao G
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jin R;Zhu W;Cao S;Chen R;Jin H;Liu Y;Wang S;Wang W;Xiao G

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除了控制细胞稳态和生存能力外,自噬在许多病毒感染中也起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中,我们发现日本脑炎病毒(JEV)感染导致体外微管相关蛋白1轻链3-II (LC3-II)蛋白和GFP-LC3点的积累,以及体内自噬体/自溶酶体的增加。自噬体和溶酶体的融合对病毒复制至关重要。从病毒RNA和蛋白水平可以看出,自噬相关基因的敲除减少了乙脑病毒在体外的复制。我们还注意到,在自噬受损的细胞中,乙脑病毒感染表现出活跃的半胱天冬酶裂解和细胞死亡。此外,我们发现乙脑病毒在缺乏自噬相关基因的细胞中诱导更高的I型干扰素(IFN)激活,因为细胞表现出干扰素调节因子3 (IRF3)和线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)聚集的磷酸化和二聚化增加。最后,我们发现即使在ifn缺陷的背景下,自噬对于乙脑病毒的有效复制也是必不可少的。总的来说,我们的研究首次描述了乙脑病毒感染过程中自噬先天免疫信号通路的机制。
In addition to manipulating cellular homeostasis and survivability, autophagy also plays a crucial role in numerous viral infections. In this study, we discover that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection results in the accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) protein and GFP-LC3 puncta in vitro and an increase in autophagosomes/autolysosomes in vivo. The fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes is essential for virus replication. Knockdown of autophagy-related genes reduced JEV replication in vitro, as indicated by viral RNA and protein levels. We also note that JEV infection in autophagy-impaired cells displayed active caspases cleavage and cell death. Moreover, we find that JEV induces higher type I interferon (IFN) activation in cells deficient in autophagy-related genes as the cells exhibited increased phosphorylation and dimerization of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) aggregation. Finally, we find that autophagy is indispensable for efficient JEV replication even in an IFN-defective background. Overall, our studies provide the first description of the mechanism of the autophagic innate immune signaling pathway during JEV infection.
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