Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh
Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2004.06.010
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发表时间：
2005-01-14
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Lauren, JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rahman, MA;Chikushi, J;Lauren, JG
小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)免耕耕作可利用剩余土壤水分，缩短水稻-小麦集约种植制度中从水稻收获到小麦播种的时间。免耕小麦生产中的一些主要制约因素是杂草侵染率高，表层土壤迅速干燥导致林分结构不佳，以及氮素利用效率低。连续两年在孟加拉Dinajpur小麦研究中心的研究农场进行了一项田间试验，以克服这些限制，评估稻草作为覆盖物，并确定免耕小麦的最佳氮肥用量。处理包括3个水平的12个因素组合：不覆盖(MO)，稻草覆盖4.0 mg ha(-1)，在播后20天拔除(M-1)，与M-1相同但允许保留在土壤表面的覆盖(M-2)和4个氮素水平(对照80,120和160 kg ha(-1))。稻草覆盖对保持土壤初始水分和抑制杂草生长有显著效果。秸秆覆盖和施氮量对小麦根长密度和根重密度均有正向影响。覆盖处理M-1和M-2的氮素吸收和氮肥表观利用率均高于M-0。M-1和M-2覆盖处理在保持土壤水分、抑制杂草生长、促进根系发育等方面效果相同，从而提高了免耕小麦的籽粒产量。在试验田条件下，免耕小麦施氮量以秸秆覆盖120 kg ha(-1)为宜。(C)2004爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in no-till soil of a postrice harvest field utilizes residual soil moisture and reduces the time period from rice harvest to wheat seeding in intensive rice-wheat cropping systems. Some of the major constraints in no-till wheat production are high weed infestation, poor stand establishment due to rapid drying of topsoil and low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, for two consecutive years to overcome those constraints, to evaluate rice straw as mulch, and to determine the optimum application rate of nitrogen (N) for no-till wheat. The treatments included 12 factorial combinations of three levels of mulching: no mulch (MO), surface application of rice straw mulch at 4.0 Mg ha(-1) that was withdrawn at 20 days after sowing (M-1), the same level of mulch as M-1 but allowed to be retained on the soil surface (M-2) and four nitrogen levels (control 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1)). Rice straw mulching had a significant effect on conserving initial soil moisture and reducing weed growth. Root length density and root weight density of wheat were positively influenced both by straw mulching and N levels. N uptake and apparent nitrogen recovery of applied N fertilizer were higher in mulch treatments M-1 and M-2 as compared to M-0. Also mulch treatment of M-1 and M-2 were equally effective at conserving soil moisture, suppressing growth of weed flora, promoting root development and thereby improved grain yield of no-till wheat. N application of 120 kg ha(-1) with straw mulch was found to be suitable for no-till wheat in experimental field condition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.