A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
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DOI：
10.1038/35051009
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发表时间：
2001-01-04
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Milburn, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knill, E;Laflamme, R;Milburn, GJ
量子计算机有望大大提高解决大整数分解、组合优化和量子物理模拟等问题的效率。现在最大的挑战之一是在物理系统中实现基本的量子计算元素，并证明它们可以可靠地和可扩展地控制。量子计算的最早提议之一是基于实现具有包含一个光子的两个光学模式的量子比特。这个建议很吸引人，因为光子干涉很容易被观察到。到目前为止，它遭受的要求，非线性耦合之间的光学模式包含很少的光子。在这里，我们表明，有效的量子计算是可能的，只使用分束器，移相器，单光子源和光电探测器。我们的方法利用光电探测器的反馈，并对光子损失和探测器效率低下的错误是强大的。这些基本要素可以通过现有技术进行实验研究。
Quantum computers promise to increase greatly the efficiency of solving problems such as factoring large integers, combinatorial optimization and quantum physics simulation. One of the greatest challenges now is to implement the basic quantum-computational elements in a physical system and to demonstrate that they can be reliably and scalably controlled. One of the earliest proposals for quantum computation is based on implementing a quantum bit with two optical modes containing one photon. The proposal is appealing because of the ease with which photon interference can be observed. Until now, it suffered from the requirement for non-linear couplings between optical modes containing few photons. Here we show that efficient quantum computation is possible using only beam splitters, phase shifters, single photon sources and photo-detectors. Our methods exploit feedback from photo-detectors and are robust against errors from photon loss and detector inefficiency. The basic elements are accessible to experimental investigation with current technology.