Characterisation of microplastics and unicellular algae in seawater by targeting carbon via single particle and single cell ICP-MS
Characterisation of microplastics and unicellular algae in seawater by targeting carbon via single particle and single cell ICP-MS
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aca.2021.338737
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发表时间：
2021-06-12
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Clases, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Vega, Raquel Gonzalez;Goyen, Samantha;Clases, David
塑料废物的排放以及随后微塑料（MP）的形成和全球分布引起了极大的关注，并强调了在海水等复杂环境基质中对微塑料的专用方法的需求。单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP ICP-MS）是一种快速分析纳米和微米粒子以及分析纳米粒子数浓度、质量和粒度分布的优雅方法。然而，通过SP ICP-MS分析碳（C）基微结构如MP还处于早期阶段。本文研究了各种策略，以提高品质因数，以检测和在复杂的矩阵，如海水中的CMPs。采用不同的碰撞/反应气体、串联质谱（ICP-MS/MS）和靶向12 C或13 C等10种不同的采集模式，对超纯水和海水中聚苯乙烯基MP标准品进行了分析比较。通过在线气溶胶稀释实现可重复的尺寸校准，同时最大限度地减少漂移效应，实现了海水中MP的稳健分析。然而，海水的直接分析降低了离子的传输，并需要矩阵匹配精确的尺寸校准。12 C同位素代替13 C的分析将尺寸检测限（sDL）提高到超纯水中的0.62 mm和海水中的0.96 mm。ICP-MS/MS方法降低了离子透过率，但也降低了背景信号并增加了选择性，特别是在存在光谱干扰的情况下。在本研究的第二部分中，它被证明，开发的方法是适用于在单细胞生物中的C的分析，并允许校准的物理尺寸。这与调查和了解与气候变化适应能力以及海洋碳储存相关的表型特征有关。采用SP/SC ICP-MS来靶向在海水中具有不同生活史的五种不同的完整共生藻科藻类菌株，并且使用基于聚苯乙烯的MP来校准细胞C质量，其在51和83 pg之间。跨所分析的单细胞细胞的C质量分布用于模拟细胞大小，其范围为7.6和10.1 mm。测定值与补充技术（库尔特计数，总有机碳分析和显微镜分析）获得的值一致。(c)2021爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The discharge of plastic waste and subsequent formation and global distribution of microplastics (MPs) has caused great concern and highlighted the need for dedicated methods to characterise MPs in complex environmental matrices like seawater. Single particle inductively coupled plasma e mass spectrometry (SP ICP-MS) is an elegant method for the rapid analysis of nano- and microparticles and to characterise number concentrations, mass, and size distributions. However, the analysis of carbon (C)based microstructures such as MPs by SP ICP-MS is at an early stage. This paper investigates various strategies to improve figures of merit to detect and characterise MPs in complex matrices, such as seawater. Ten methods operating distinct acquisition modes with various collision/reaction gases, tandem MS (ICP-MS/MS) and targeting 12C or 13C were developed and compared for the analysis of polystyrene-based MPs standards in ultra-pure water and seawater. The robust analysis of MPs in seawater was accomplished by on-line aerosol dilution enabling repeatable size calibration while minimising drift effects. However, the direct analysis of seawater decreased ion transmission and required matrix-matching for accurate size calibration. Analysis of the 12C isotope instead of 13C improved the size detection limits (sDL) to 0.62 mm in ultra-pure water and to 0.96 mm in seawater. ICP-MS/MS methods decreased ion transmission but also reduced background signal and increased selectivity, particularly in the presence of spectral interferences. In the second part of this study, it was demonstrated that the developed methods were applicable for the analysis of C in unicellular organisms and allowed calibration of physical dimensions. This is relevant for the investigation and understanding of phenotypical traits associated, for example, with climate change resilience as well as oceanic C storage. SP/SC ICP-MS was employed to target five different intact Symbiodiniaceae algae strains with diverse life-histories in seawater and polystyrene-based MPs were used to calibrate cellular C masses, which were between 51 and 83 pg. The C mass distribution across the analysed unicellular cells was used for modelling cell sizes, which were in the range of 7.6 and 10.1 mm. Determined values were in line with values obtained with complementary techniques (Coulter-counting, total organic C analysis and microscopic analysis).(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.