Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets.
Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets.
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常量营养素饮食中易肥胖和抗肥胖大鼠的行为和内分泌特征。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.6.e1057
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leibowitz,SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang,J;Alexander,JT;Zheng,P;Yu,HJ;Dourmashkin,J;Leibowitz,SF
研究人员对正常体重的白化Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行了饮食行为模式、体重增加和激素变化的研究。这些饮食包括三个单独的罐子，里面有纯宏量营养素，脂肪，碳水化合物和蛋白质，可供选择，或者是一个含有不同浓度脂肪和碳水化合物的单一饮食。在选择饮食和单一饮食模式上也观察到类似的模式。在这些饮食的前7-10天，而不是随后，食用富含脂肪的饮食的大鼠表现出明显的贪食，总摄入量和脂肪摄入量都增加，从而导致体重增加。与10%的脂肪饮食相比，30%的脂肪饮食与胰岛素和皮质酮（CORT）水平下降有关，而60%的脂肪饮食会增加循环葡萄糖。葡萄糖水平与脂肪摄入量呈正相关，这些指标加在一起，始终与体脂有关。这些关系在食用脂肪含量高达30%的高脂肪饮食的老鼠身上表现得最为明显。虽然胰岛素水平也与体脂呈正相关，但在这些正常体重的受试者中，CORT呈负相关。在食用高脂肪饮食的动物中，“肥胖倾向”（OP）大鼠的体脂比“肥胖抵抗”（OR）大鼠的体脂多100%，两者之间存在明显的差异。OP组大鼠摄入的总热量多15%，胰岛素和葡萄糖水平明显较高。在饮食中脂肪含量为30%的动物中，脂肪摄入量、葡萄糖水平和体脂之间呈正相关的是OP大鼠，而不是OR大鼠，同时碳水化合物摄入量、胰岛素和体脂之间还存在额外的关联。因此，这些摄入大量营养素的大鼠表现出与激素紊乱和肥胖有关的行为的独特特征，并区分出易患肥胖和不易患肥胖的对象。
Patterns of eating behavior, body weight gain, and hormone changes were examined in normal-weight albino Sprague-Dawley rats on macronutrient diets. These diets consisted of either three separate jars with pure macronutrients, fat, carbohydrate and protein, from which to choose, or a single diet with different concentrations of fat and carbohydrate. Similar patterns on the choice-diet and single-diet paradigms were observed. During the first 7–10 days on these diets but not subsequently, the rats consuming a fat-rich diet exhibit significant hyperphagia, an increase in both total and fat intake that produces higher body weight gain. Compared with a 10% fat diet, a 30% fat diet is associated with a decline in insulin and corticosterone (CORT) levels, whereas a 60% fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose. Levels of glucose are positively correlated with fat intake, and together these measures are consistently related to body fat. These relationships are most strongly expressed in rats that consume a fat-rich diet with >30% fat. Whereas insulin levels are also positively related to body fat, CORT is inversely related in these normal-weight subjects. In animals consuming a high-fat diet, a clear separation can be seen between “obesity-prone” (OP) rats with 100% greater body fat than “obesity-resistant” (OR) rats. The OP rats, which consume 15% more total calories, have significantly higher insulin and glucose levels. In animals that consume a diet with >30% fat, it is the OP but not the OR rats that exhibit a positive relation between fat intake, glucose levels, and body fat and reveal an additional association between carbohydrate intake, insulin, and body fat. Thus these rats on macronutrient diets exhibit distinct traits that relate behavior to hormone disturbances and adiposity and distinguish subjects that are prone vs. resistant to obesity.