The model legume genomes.
The model legume genomes.
复制标题
豆科植物基因组模型。
作者：
S. Cannon
到目前为止，主要的模式豆科植物是紫花苜蓿和莲花。这两个物种无论是在遗传上还是在温室里都是可驯化的，而且对于这两个物种来说，已经组装了大量用于分子遗传学研究的工具和资源。然而，随着测序成本的下降，更多的豆类基因组已经被测序，而大豆等作物可用的资金使这些基因组能够发展成遗传模型本身的状态。因此，本章描述了豆科植物中更广泛的一组模式物种，并讨论了迄今为止测序的基因组之间的异同，以及各种豆科植物可用的计算资源。例如，紫花苜蓿和大豆的基因组结构特征对这些物种可能进行的功能基因组研究的种类有很大的影响。对于许多基因家族来说，这两个基因组都有大量的冗余，但冗余的性质在两个基因组中是不同的--在Medicago中，冗余通常以局部基因复制的形式存在，而在大豆中，冗余通常是以全基因组复制衍生的复制形式存在。类似的考虑(关于基因环境和基因组结构)可能需要为任何模式或作物物种考虑。
The primary model legumes to date have been Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. Both species are tractable both genetically and in the greenhouse, and for both, substantial sets of tools and resources for molecular genetic research have been assembled. As sequencing costs have declined, however, additional legume genomes have been sequenced, and the funding available to crops such as soybean has enabled these to be developed to the status of genetic models in their own right. This chapter, therefore, describes a broader set of model species in the legumes, and discusses similarities and differences between the genomes sequenced to date, as well as computational resources available for various legume species. Genome structural characteristics in, for example, Medicago truncatula and Glycine max, can have large impacts on the kinds of functional genomic research that may be carried out in these species. Both of these genomes have substantial redundancy for many gene families, but the nature of the redundancy is different in the two genomes-with the redundancy typically being in the form of local gene duplications in Medicago, and in whole-genome-duplication-derived duplications in Glycine. Similar considerations (about gene environments and genome structure) will likely need to be taken into account for any model or crop species.