Biodiversity and the need for habitat renewal
Biodiversity and the need for habitat renewal
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DOI：
10.2307/1941968
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发表时间：
1995-08
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
A. Sinclair;D. Hik;O. Schmitz;G. Scudder;D. Turpin;N. Larter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Sinclair;D. Hik;O. Schmitz;G. Scudder;D. Turpin;N. Larter
保护物种需要保护自然栖息地。在自然栖息地的完整性遭到破坏的地方，物种就会灭绝。保护区内外的所有自然栖息地都在继续减少。生境变化在一定程度上是一个自然过程(例如演替)，但人类活动加速了退化过程，因此自然更新率不足以维持自然栖息地。我们认为，考虑到这些情况，我们唯一的办法是采取一种新的保护战略，除了保护栖息地之外，还要考虑到栖息地更新的重要性。因此，在我们的管理决策中，我们不仅要选择要保护的面积，还要选择平衡栖息地丧失和栖息地更新的面积大小。我们还建议迫切需要确定栖息地平衡点H*，否则根据众多预测，许多物种将在未来50年内灭绝。有两种方法可以实现H*。首先是在保护区内永久留出栖息地。仅有这种保护是不够的，有两个原因：(1)保护区继续减少，尽管速度比其边界外的地方慢，(2)在许多已经发生严重生境退化或碎片化的地区，仅仅通过划出保护区来达到H*不再是一种选择。实现H*的另一种方式是促进自然栖息地的重建，或“栖息地更新”。这一概念是用一个简单的平衡栖息地衰退和栖息地更新的权衡模型来解释的。然后，我们提供了保护区内外栖息地丧失的例子，并讨论了栖息地更新以抵消这些损失的潜力。我们的结论是，需要继续强调在保护区内留出自然栖息地。然而，我们的栖息地丧失的例子表明，单靠这一政策很可能注定要失败，因此也需要一项栖息地更新政策。
The conservation of species requires preservation of natural habitats. Where the integrity of natural habitats has been upset, species go extinct. All natural habitats are continuing to decline, both inside and outside of reserves. Habitat change is partly a natural process (e.g., succession), but human activities have accelerated the process of decay so that natural rates of renewal are insufficient to maintain natural habitats. We argue that our only recourse, in light of these scenarios, is to adopt a new conservation strategy that considers the importance of habitat renewal in addition to habitat preservation. Accordingly, in our management decisions we must not only choose the size of area to preserve but also the size of area that balances habitat loss with habitat renewal. We also suggest that this habitat equilibrium point, H*, needs to be decided upon urgently, otherwise many species will become extinct in the next 50 yr according to numerous predictions. There are two ways to achieve H*. The first is to set habitats aside in protected areas in perpetuity. There are two reasons why this protection alone is insufficient: (1) protected areas continue to decline, albeit at a slower rate than outside of their boundaries, and (2) achieving H* simply by setting aside protected areas is no longer an option in many areas where severe habitat degradation or fragmentation has already occurred. The other way to achieve H* is to promote the restablishment of natural habitats, or "habitat renewal." This concept is il- lustrated using a simple trade-off model that balances habitat decay and habitat renewal. We then provide examples of habitat loss outside and inside of protected areas and discuss the potential for habitat renewal to offset these losses. We conclude that continued emphasis needs to be placed on setting aside natural habitat in protected areas. However, our examples of habitat loss show that this policy alone is most likely doomed to failure, so a policy of habitat renewal is also required.