Land of Opportunity? The Assimilation of Scottish Migrants in England, 1603-ca. 1762
Land of Opportunity? The Assimilation of Scottish Migrants in England, 1603-ca. 1762
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机遇之地？
DOI：
10.1017/jbr.2018.113
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Brown K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown K
移民及其后果是当代世界最有争议的问题之一，历史学家通过提供长期视角参与这场辩论。近年来，对英国人口的研究更加强调人口流动对英国历史的影响，确定了来自其他地方的移民浪潮以及英国境内的移民。然而，这一叙述中被忽视的一个方面是苏格兰人向英格兰的移民，特别是在王室和议会联盟时代，当时两个王国之间不断变化的政治关系对移民的规模、地理分布、机会和障碍产生了影响。虽然少数苏格兰移民不受欢迎，或选择返回家园，但压倒性的证据是那些留在英格兰的移民。这篇文章的重点是对大多数人来说，移民是一个积极的经验，从而提出了为什么这些苏格兰人如此成功，为什么他们面临这么少的本地反对的问题。这种分段同化的过程提供了一个洞察英国的形成和与新兴的英国国家相关的国家认同的转变。苏格兰人，此外，提供了一个“成功”的移民模式，这表明，一系列的因素，主要是受过教育的，文化可塑性，经济上响应移民人口，以及制度和态度灵活的东道国社区，需要到位，以优化移民同化的机会。
Immigration and its consequences is one of the most contentious issues in the contemporary world, and historians are engaged in this debate by offering a longer-term perspective. In recent years, research on the United Kingdom's population has placed greater emphasis on population movement in shaping Britain's story, identifying waves of migrants from elsewhere alongside migration within Britain. One neglected aspect of this narrative, however, is the migration of Scots to England, particularly in the age of the regal and parliamentary union, when the changing political relationship between the two kingdoms had an impact on the scale, geographic spread, and opportunities and obstacles of that migration. While a minority of Scottish migrants were unwelcome, or chose to return home, the overwhelming weight of evidence is for those migrants who remained in England. The focus in this article is on that majority group for whom migration was a positive experience, thus raising questions about why these Scots were so successful and why they faced so little native opposition. That process of segmented assimilation offers an insight into the formation of Britain and the shifting ground of national identity associated with the emerging British state. The Scots, moreover, provide a model for “successful” migration, suggesting that a range of factors—principally, an educated, culturally malleable, and economically responsive migrant population, alongside an institutionally and attitudinally flexible host community—need to be in place in order to optimize the chances of migrant assimilation.