The art of war: battles between virus and host.
The art of war: battles between virus and host.
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战争的艺术：病毒与宿主之间的战斗。
DOI：
10.1016/j.coviro.2014.05.001
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Frieman,Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frieman,Matthew
正如孙子在《孙子兵法》中所写的，“一切战争都是以欺骗为基础的”。他本可以很容易地描述病毒和宿主之间的古老战斗，而不是中国战争的传说。病毒必须感染、复制和传播才能生存;宿主试图在每一步都阻止它。这场古老的战争已经进行了数百万年，并产生了无数的病毒，每一种病毒都有自己独特的方式试图战胜宿主。有些病毒编码的蛋白质直接抑制/降解/改变宿主途径，有些只是进化出了躲避宿主检测系统的方法。主持人在这场战斗中并不被动。在过去的70年里，科学家们已经利用病毒阐明了宿主用来反击囤积的许多秘密。这是一种病毒，它教会了我们一种“干扰”分子，这种分子在感染过程中从细胞中分泌出来，可以用来保护周围的其他细胞免受后续感染[1]。这种分子被称为干扰素，并导致许多病毒和炎症性疾病的治疗，如丙型肝炎，多发性硬化症和癌症[2-4]。我们越了解病毒如何与宿主相互作用，我们就越能对它们进行良好的修改;作为载体来提供抗原，作为疫苗，作为基因治疗的载体和作为靶向癌症摧毁导弹[5]。
As Sun Tzu wrote in The Art of War,‘All warfare is based on deception’. He could have easily been describing the ancient battle between virus and host rather than on the lore of Chinese warfare. A virus must infect, replicate and spread for it to survive; the host attempting to thwart it at every step of the way. This ancient battle has been waged for millions of years and has spawned an innumerable number of viruses, each with their own unique ways of trying to outsmart the host. Some viruses encode proteins that directly inhibit/degrade/alter host pathways and some simply have evolved ways to hide from the hosts detection system. The host is not passive in this battle. It has evolved complex pathways and redundant mechanisms to respond to viral interlopers.In the last 70 years, scientists have used viruses to illuminate many of the secrets that the host uses to fight back against the hoard. It was a virus that taught us about an ‘interfering’molecule that is secreted from cells during infection and can be used to then protect other cells around it from subsequence infection [1]. This molecule is known as Interferon and has lead to treatments for numerous viral and inflammatory diseases such as Hepatitis C, Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer [2–4]. The more we understand how viruses interact with the host the more we can modify them for good; as vectors to deliver antigens as vaccines, as gene therapy delivery vehicles and as targeted cancer destroying missiles [5].