Low Carbon Production of Hydrogen by Methane Decarbonization
Low Carbon Production of Hydrogen by Methane Decarbonization
复制标题
甲烷脱碳低碳制氢
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-7330-0_6
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Abánades
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Abánades
氢是被认为在未来具有重要作用的能源载体之一。实施所谓的“氢经济”是一项挑战，需要开发可持续的氢生产技术。这些技术旨在由太阳能、风能或生物质等可再生能源提供动力。风能和太阳能光伏电池的氢气生产将通过水电解完成。太阳热能等直接热能预计将使用热化学方法，以水或碳氢化合物为主要原料。生物质可以两种方式用于这方面：作为原料，通过生产合成气或生物甲烷，通过热化学过程产生氢气，以及作为发电机，通过电解产生氢气。本章将讨论烃类脱碳技术。甲烷热解的一般化学描述将是描述其实施概念的起点，主要应用太阳能技术。将讨论其他替代方法，如使用生物甲烷作为原料，以及将甲烷热解与氨生产或生物燃料合成相结合。甲烷脱碳的科学可行性已经过测试和证明，但该技术的可行工业实施仍然存在。将讨论在工业规模上实施该技术的状况，分析其主要技术障碍及其潜在的解决方案。
Hydrogen is one of the energy vectors that is proposed to have an important role in the future. The implementation of the called “hydrogen economy” is a challenge that requires the development of sustainable production technologies for hydrogen. Such technologies are intended to be fed by renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or biomass. Hydrogen generation from wind and solar photovoltaic cells will be done via water electrolysis. Direct thermal energy sources such as solar thermal are expected to use thermochemical methods, either from water or hydrocarbons as the main raw material. Biomass can be used in this context in two ways: as raw material, through the production of syngas or bio-methane to produce hydrogen by thermochemical processes, and as an electricity producer to generate hydrogen via electrolysis. In this chapter, techniques for hydrocarbon decarbonization will be discussed. The general chemical description of methane pyrolysis will be the starting point to describe concepts for its implementation, mainly applying solar technology. Other alternatives, such as the use bio-methane as raw material and the integration of methane pyrolysis with ammonia production or biofuel synthesis will be discussed. The scientific viability of methane decarbonization has been tested and proven, but viable industrial implementation of the technology still remains. The status of the implementation of this technology on an industrial scale will be discussed analyzing its main technological showstoppers and their potential solutions.