Life cycle of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae):: Timing of developmental processes under field and laboratory conditions
Life cycle of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae):: Timing of developmental processes under field and laboratory conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1603/0022-2585-38.5.684
复制
发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Lane, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padgett, KA;Lane, RS
在野外和实验室条件下，确定了莱姆病的主要媒介、美国西部地区人类粒细胞埃利希体病的媒介——太平洋冰蚊Cooley & Kohls的发育时间。在它们的季节丰度高峰期间，将进食和未进食的太平洋夜蛾的三个寄生阶段的每一个阶段都放入丝网包装中。这些包在加利福尼亚西北部两个山顶地点的四个地形暴露之间进行了分配。各样地植被组成和海拔高度不同，第1样地（海拔390 m）以林草为主，第2样地（海拔914 m）以灌木为主。在2.5年的时间里，每2-3周在野外记录一次产卵、幼虫羽化、蜕皮和死亡的时间。在两个地点的所有四个暴露点测量微环境温度。三个阶段的加速发育速率与土壤温度升高和田间放置时间有关。在实验室中，在统一的环境条件下维持的丰足的雌性太平洋鼢鼠在产卵前和孵化前的时间与进食日期无关。在野外，所有未取食的幼虫都存活了一个活跃的取食季节，大多数幼虫和若虫在夏末和早春之间保持行为滞育。没有生命阶段存活过两个活跃的进食期，这表明队列没有重叠。我们的结论是1。太平洋鱼在加利福尼亚西北部至少需要3年才能完成它的生命周期。
The developmental timing of Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, the primary vector of the Lyme disease spirochete and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the far-western United States, was determined under field and laboratory conditions. During their seasonal peaks of abundance, each of the three parasitic stages of L pacificus, both fed and unfed, was placed inside silk-screen packets. These packets were apportioned between four topographic exposures of two hilltop sites in northwestern California. The sites differed in vegetational composition and elevation: the first (elevation 390 m) was dominated by woodland-grass, the second (elevation 914 m) by chaparral. The timing of oviposition, larval eclosion, molting, and mortality were recorded in the field every 2-3 wk for 2.5 yr. Microenvironmental temperatures were measured on all four exposures at both sites. Accelerated developmental rates of all three stages were correlated with warmer soil temperatures and the time of placement in the field. In the laboratory, replete female I. pacificus maintained under uniform environmental conditions sustained constant preovipositional and prehatch periods independent of date-of-feeding. In the field, all unfed stages survived through one active feeding season with most larvae and nymphs remaining in behavioral diapause between late summer and early spring. No life stage survived through two active feeding periods which suggests that cohorts do not overlap. We concluded that 1. pacificus takes a minimum of 3 yr to complete its life cycle in northwestern California.