Strict protected areas are essential for the conservation of larger and threatened mammals in a priority region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Strict protected areas are essential for the conservation of larger and threatened mammals in a priority region of the Brazilian Cerrado
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108762
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Carbone, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira, Guilherme Braga;Collen, Ben;Carbone, Chris
评估保护区（PA）的有效性是确保实现栖息地保护目标的关键。有强有力的证据表明，法律保护可以减少自然植被的丧失，但在植被覆盖没有发生重大变化的情况下，生物多样性丧失仍然可能发生。在这里，我们使用专门设计的相机陷阱调查的数据，对 PA 在保护巴西塞拉多当地生物多样性方面的有效性进行反事实评估。我们对 Sertao Veredas-Peruacu 镶嵌区 517 个地点的哺乳动物群落进行了调查，这些地点分布在 5 个严格的保护区（5 个阵列中的 264 个调查点）和两个管理水平较低的多用途保护区（4 个阵列中的 253 个调查点）。我们采用多物种占用框架来分析我们的数据集，同时还控制与保护不直接相关的混杂因素。在评估的 21 个物种中，9 个物种在严格保护区中占有率较高，1 个物种在多用途保护区中占有率较高，还有 10 个物种对保护水平没有反应。在受到更严格保护的地区，现场物种丰富度几乎是其两倍，全球受威胁的大型哺乳动物（> 15公斤）的物种丰富度差异更大。总体而言，我们证明，与管理限制较少的类似地区相比，接受调查的严格保护区支持更高的哺乳动物多样性，对体型较大和受威胁的物种影响尤其强烈。鉴于严格的保护区仅覆盖塞拉多的 3%，我们的结果表明，扩大严格保护的面积可能有利于巴西稀树草原的标志性物种，例如鬃狼和巨型食蚁兽。
Assessing protected area (PA) effectiveness is key to ensure the objectives of habitat protection are being achieved. There is strong evidence that legal protection reduces loss of natural vegetation, but biodiversity loss can still happen without significant changes in vegetation cover. Here we use data from a specifically designed camera trap survey to conduct a counterfactual assessment of PA effectiveness at safeguarding local biodiversity in the Brazilian Cerrado. We surveyed the mammal community in 517 locations at the Sertao Veredas-Peruacu mosaic, distributed across five strict PAs (264 survey sites in five arrays) and two multiple-use PAs with low management levels (253 survey sites in four arrays). We adopted a multi-species occupancy framework to analyse our dataset while also controlling for confounding factors not directly related to protection. Of the 21 species assessed, nine had higher occupancy in strict PAs, one had higher occupancy in multiple-use PAs, and ten did not respond to protection level. Site species richness was nearly twice as large in areas under stricter protection, with even greater differences for species richness of globally threatened and larger mammals ( > 15 kg). Overall we demonstrated that the strict PAs surveyed support higher mammal diversity than similar areas under less restrictive management, with a particular strong effect on larger and threatened species. Given that strict PAs cover only 3% of the Cerrado, our results suggest that expanding the area under strict protection is likely to benefit iconic species of the Brazilian savanna, such as the maned wolf and giant anteater.