Truck Productivity, Efficiency, Energy Use, and Carbon Dioxide Output
Truck Productivity, Efficiency, Energy Use, and Carbon Dioxide Output
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卡车生产率、效率、能源使用和二氧化碳输出
DOI：
10.3141/2162-08
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
P. Nordengen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Woodrooffe;K. Glaeser;P. Nordengen
经济合作与发展组织联合运输研究中心和国际运输论坛最近对各国典型公路运输卡车的安全性和生产率进行了基准研究。本文主要研究车辆在货物运输过程中的生产率和效率。来自10个国家的40辆汽车接受了检查。这些车辆是为长途应用而设计的，分为三个不同的类别：最常见的主力车辆，可以在大多数道路上行驶；大容量车辆，可能仅限于某一类道路；以及超大容量车辆，可能仅限于特定的高速公路或路线。分析中使用的指标包括最大货物质量和体积容量、最佳货物密度、燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放量作为货运任务的函数。研究发现，尺寸和重量法规对重型车辆的生产率和效率有重大影响，包括燃油消耗和单位运输货物的车辆排放。来自参与国的车辆以及车辆类别之间的差异很大。同样明显的是，一般来说，生产率更高的车辆与货运量增加的相关性更强，而不是与货物质量的增加相关，而且较大的卡车比主力车辆更适合低密度货运。研究还发现，在评估车辆的油耗和排放时，考虑货运任务是很重要的。
The Joint Transport Research Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Transport Forum recently conducted a benchmarking study of the safety and productivity of typical highway transport trucks from various countries. This paper focuses on vehicle productivity and efficiency in regard to the movement of freight. Forty vehicles from 10 countries were examined. The vehicles were designed for longer-haul applications and were classified in three separate categories: workhorse vehicles, which are the most common and can travel on most roads; high-capacity vehicles, which may be restricted to a certain class of road; and very high-capacity vehicles, which may be restricted to specific highways or routes. The metrics used in the analysis include maximum cargo mass and volume capacity, optimum cargo density, fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide output as a function of the freight task. The study found that size and weight regulations have a significant effect on the productivity and efficiency of heavy vehicles, including fuel consumption and vehicle emissions per unit of cargo transported. Significant variations were found among the vehicles from participating countries as well as within vehicle classes. It was also apparent that, in general, higher-productivity vehicles are correlated more strongly with increased cargo volume than with increased cargo mass and that larger trucks are better suited to lower-density freight than are workhorse vehicles. The study also found that it is important to consider the freight task when evaluating vehicle fuel consumption and emissions.