Hydrogen giving reduced carbon emissions from vehicles
Hydrogen giving reduced carbon emissions from vehicles
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DOI：
10.1093/ijlct/ctr036
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Steve Perham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steve Perham
摘要氢能被认为是未来低碳汽车的理想能源载体。它可以通过使用各种能源，如太阳能，风能和核能，从水中生产，它可以有效地转化为有用的能源，而不会对环境产生不利影响。在燃料电池汽车中，唯一的副产品是水或水蒸气，但在燃烧系统中会产生少量的NOx。氢可以用在任何使用化石燃料的应用中，特别是汽车、公共汽车和卡车。本文考虑如何将氢与其他两项技术结合起来：在线车辆监控和计算机地图，以显着减少内燃机，特别是卡车的碳排放。保留字：卡车上的氢气;发动机用氢气运行; CAN总线; ADAS接收日期2011年4月28日;修订日期2011年8月6日;接受日期2011年9月5日1引言目前有几家公司（www.example.com，www.example.com）正在开发两种技术www.airmaxgroup.comwww.thecell.com，以减少卡车车队的碳排放。第一种是通过连接到CAN总线的传感器在线监测车辆和驾驶员的表现，CAN总线控制子系统操作的各个方面，包括发动机，加速，制动，油耗等。第二个是ADAS，即NAVTEQ开发的高级驾驶员辅助系统（ADAS）[2]。该系统是一个地图和定位引擎，它使用车辆周围环境的计算机地图（地平线数据）加上全球定位系统，为驾驶员提供有关接近山丘，交通灯，弯道和其他影响油耗的道路特征的建议。NAVTEQ和其他公司早就认识到，数字地图可以发挥“传感器”的作用，当与其他传感器输入相结合时，可以以各种增值方式启用或支持ADAS。例如，NAVTEQ地图中的道路坡度信息可以通知车辆即将到来的丘陵，并支持相应地调整发动机油门。这个“预测巡航控制”应用程序是一个例子，说明地图如何通过允许发动机以最佳方式运行并避免驾驶员效率低下来实现ADAS中的燃油节省。如果氢气也可以减少卡车的碳排放，那么三种技术可以结合起来，与目前的车队运营相比，可以节省大量的费用。首先，我们考虑CAN总线监控系统，然后展示如何将其与ADAS相结合，最后添加氢气以进一步发挥优势。
Abstract Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal energy carrier for low-carbon vehicles in the near future. It canbe produced from water by using a variety of energy sources, such as solar, wind and nuclear, and itcan be converted into useful energy efficiently and without detrimental environmental effects. The onlyby-product is water or water vapour in fuel cell vehicles, but small amounts of NO x are produced incombustion systems. Hydrogen can be used in any application in which fossil fuels are being usedtoday, especially cars, buses and trucks. This paper considers how hydrogen can be combined with twoother technologies; online vehicle monitoring and computer maps to give significant reduction incarbon emissions from combustion engines, especially on trucks. Keywords: hydrogen on trucks; engine operation with hydrogen; CANbus; ADAS Received 28 April 2011; revised 6 August 2011; accepted 5 September 2011 1 INTRODUCTION Two technologies are currently being developed by severalcompanies (www.airmaxgroup.com, www.thecell.com) toreduce carbon emissions from fleets of trucks. The first isonline monitoring of vehicle and driver performance throughsensors attached to the CANbus which controls all aspects ofthe subsystems’ operations, including engine, acceleration,braking, fuel consumption etc. [1]. The second is ADAS, theAdvanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) developed byNAVTEQ [2]. This system is a map and positioning enginewhich uses a computer map of the vehicle’s surroundings(horizon data) plus a global positioning system to advise thedriver on approaching hills, traffic lights, curves and otherroad features which influence fuel consumption. NAVTEQalong with other companies have long recognized that digitalmaps can play a role as a ‘sensor’ that, when combined withother sensor inputs, can enable or support ADAS in a varietyof value-adding ways. To illustrate, road slope informationfrom the NAVTEQ map can inform a vehicle about upcominghills and support adjustments to the engine throttle accord-ingly. This ‘Predictive Cruise Control’ application is anexample of how maps can enable fuel savings within ADASby allowing the engine to run optimally and avoid driver in-efficiency. If hydrogen was also available to reduce carbonoutput from the truck, then three technologies could be com-bined to produce a substantial saving compared with currentfleet operations. First, we consider the CANbus monitoringsystem, then show how this can be combined with ADAS,and finally add in hydrogen to give further benefit.