Living radiolarian feeding mechanisms: new light on past marine ecosystems
Living radiolarian feeding mechanisms: new light on past marine ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1007/s00015-007-1228-y
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发表时间：
2007-09
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
A. Matsuoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Matsuoka
对活放射虫的环境控制研究，特别是对它们的摄食机制的研究很少。同样，放射虫化石的摄食行为也知之甚少。本文介绍了活体放射虫的研究方法，包括浮游生物的采集、显微镜的观察和实验室培养。光学显微镜，落射荧光显微镜，共聚焦激光扫描显微镜图像的选择放射虫物种。四种类型的摄食行为，以及对应的骨骼形态的认可和讨论。多体节的织纹螺目，以真织纹螺属、Pterocorys属和Spirophiltis属为代表，捕食相对较大的猎物，包括纤毛虫和鞭毛虫。一些其他的织纹螺目，如Pseudocubus和Arachnocorallium，在收集微小的猎物包括微鞭毛虫和细菌方面是有利的。孤独的泡形虫，以双球菌属、海绵菌属和海绵菌属为代表，也收集微小的猎物。群体放射虫，如CollozoumandBuccinosphaera，似乎只生活在共生藻类上。摄食行为的广泛变化意味着放射虫在海洋环境中占据了几种生态位。假设放射虫的骨骼形态表明了它们的进食策略，生活形式可以提供一些光的进食机制类似中生代的形式。相比之下，古生代Albaillellaria独特的弯曲圆锥形骨架，在二叠纪末大灭绝后未知，表明不同的进食行为。
Environmentally controlled studies on living radiolarians, especially on their feeding mechanisms are rare. In the same way, feeding behaviours of fossil radiolarians are poorly known. In this work, techniques for living radiolarian research, including plankton sampling at sea, observations using different types of microscopes, and laboratory culture, are introduced. Light microscope, epifluorescence microscope, and confocal laser scanning microscope images of selected radiolarian species are presented. Four types of feeding behaviour which correspond well to skeletal morphology are recognized and discussed. Multi-segmented nassellarians, represented byEucyrtidium, Pterocorys, andSpirocyrtis, take relatively large prey, including ciliates and flagellates. Some other nassellarians, e.g.PseudocubusandArachnocorallium, are advantageous in collecting tiny prey including microflagellates and bacteria. Solitary spumellarians, represented byDiplosphaera,Spongosphaera, andSpongaster, also gather tiny prey. Colonial radiolarians such asCollozoumandBuccinosphaeraseem to live exclusively on symbiotic algae. The wide variation in feeding behaviour means that radiolarians occupy several kinds of ecological niches in marine environments. Assuming that the radiolarian skeletal morphology indicates their feeding strategy, living forms can give some light on the feeding mechanisms of similar Mesozoic forms. By contrast, the unique curved conical skeleton of the Paleozoic Albaillellaria, unknown after the end-Permian mass extinction, suggests a different feeding behaviour.