Vaccine impact: Benefits for human health
Vaccine impact: Benefits for human health
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.025
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发表时间：
2016-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Prado-Cohrs, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doherty, Mark;Buchy, Philippe;Prado-Cohrs, David
与大多数药物不同，其益处仅限于服用药物的个体，预防性疫苗具有深远影响的潜力，包括卫生服务利用，一般健康和福祉，认知发展以及最终的经济生产力。通过评估对接种个体的直接影响、对未接种群体的间接影响（畜群保护）、病原体的流行病学（如改变循环血清型或预防流行周期）以及改善健康所带来的额外益处，来衡量免疫接种的影响。除了保护个体之外，免疫接种的更广泛成功取决于达到足以阻断病原体传播的覆盖水平。在评估疫苗的成本效益时，需要考虑所有这些潜在的好处。在许多免疫接种计划非常成功的国家，疾病的控制意味着免疫接种的好处变得不那么明显。一旦一种众所周知的、令人恐惧的疾病似乎消失了，包括医疗保健专业人员在内的个人就不再以同样的紧迫感来看待正在进行的预防。覆盖面的减少不可避免地与疾病的死灰复燃有关，疾病的爆发可能导致严重的发病率和生命损失。确保免疫接种计划的持续成功是所有人的责任：个人，医疗保健专业人员，政府和行业。(C)2016年6月，作者。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Unlike most drugs, whose benefit is restricted to the individual who takes the drug, prophylactic vaccines have the potential for far-reaching effects that encompass health service utilisation, general health and wellbeing, cognitive development and, ultimately, economic productivity. The impact of immunisation is measured by evaluating effects directly on the vaccinated individual, indirectly on the unvaccinated community (herd protection), the epidemiology of the pathogen (such as changing circulating serotypes or prevention of epidemic cycles), and the additional benefits arising from improved health. Aside from protection of the individual, the broader success of immunisation is dependent on achieving a level of coverage sufficient to interrupt transmission of the pathogen. When evaluating the cost-effectiveness of vaccines, all of these potential benefits need to be accounted for. In many countries where immunisation programmes have been highly successful, the control of disease has meant that the benefits of immunisation have become less obvious. Once a well-known and much-feared disease appears to have disappeared, individuals, including healthcare professionals, no longer view ongoing prevention with the same sense of urgency. Reduced coverage is inevitably associated with resurgence in disease, with outbreaks potentially leading to significant morbidity and loss of life. Ensuring the continued success of immunisation programmes is the responsibility of all: individuals, healthcare professionals, government and industry. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.