Regulation of corpus luteum function in cattle - an overview
Regulation of corpus luteum function in cattle - an overview
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00509.x
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Berisha, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schams, D;Berisha, B
黄体 (CL) 是一种短暂的生殖腺，可产生建立和维持妊娠所需的黄体酮 (P)。尽管牛黄体功能的调节已被研究了数十年，但所涉及的许多调节机制尚不完全清楚。我们还远未了解这些复杂机制如何协调一致地发挥作用。本概述的目的是强调 CL 生命周期内的重要监管步骤。第一部分描述了 CL 形成过程中血管生成和血流的重要性和调节。结果强调了生长因子，尤其是血管内皮生长因子 A (VEGF A) 和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF-2) 对于毛细血管致密网络的发育和完善的重要性。在第二部分中，讨论了内分泌/旁分泌和自分泌调节剂的功能调节。现在有更多的证据表明，除了主要的内分泌激素LH和GH作为生长因子的局部调节剂外，肽、类固醇和前列腺素也是黄体功能的重要调节剂。在 CL 发育早期直至黄体中期，催产素、前列腺素和 P 本身会刺激黄体细胞增殖和功能，并得到许多生长因子的促黄体作用的支持。黄体中期黄体细胞细胞质中生长因子 [VEGF、FGF-1、FGF-2、胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF)] 的 mRNA 表达、蛋白浓度和定位仍然较高，表明生长因子具有维持（生存）功能。在没有妊娠消退（黄体溶解）的情况下，CL 会发生。黄体酮本身通过影响子宫内膜发出的黄体溶解信号前列腺素 F2α (PGF2α) 的时间来调节动情周期的长度。随后的介导级联非常复杂，仍然没有得到很好的阐明。有证据表明血流、炎性细胞因子、血管活性肽（血管紧张素 II 和内皮素-1）、活性氧、血管生成生长因子（VEGF、FGF、IGF）的参与以及经典促黄体成分（如 LH-R、GH-R、P450(scc) 和 3beta-HSD）的减少。尽管方法和解释存在差异，但已经取得并将继续取得进展。
The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient reproductive gland that produces progesterone (P), required for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Although the regulation of bovine luteal function has been studied for several decades, many of the regulatory mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. We are far from understanding how these complex mechanisms function in unison. The purpose of this overview is to stress important steps of regulation during the lifetime of CL. In the first part, the importance and regulation of angiogenesis and blood flow during CL formation is described. The results underline the importance of growth factors especially of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) for development and completion of a dense network of capillaries. In the second part, the regulation of function by endocrine/paracrine- and autocrine-acting regulators is discussed. There is now more evidence that besides the main endocrine hormones LH and GH local regulators as growth factors, peptides, steroids and prostaglandins are important modulators of luteal function. During early CL development until mid-luteal stage oxytocin, prostaglandins and P itself stimulate luteal cell proliferation and function supported by the luteotropic action of a number of growth factors. The still high mRNA expression, protein concentration and localization of growth factors [VEGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)] in the cytoplasm of luteal cells during mid-luteal stage suggest maintenance (survival) functions for growth factors. In the absence of pregnancy regression (luteolysis) of CL occurs. Progesterone itself regulates the length of the oestrous cycle by influencing the timing of the luteolytic signal prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) from the endometrium. The cascade of mediators afterwards is very complex and still not well-elucidated. Evidence is given for participation of blood flow, inflammatory cytokines, vasoactive peptides (angiotensin II and endothelin-1), reactive oxygen species, angiogenic growth factors (VEGFs, FGFs, IGFs) and decrease of the classical luteotropic components as LH-R, GH-R, P450(scc) and 3beta-HSD. Despite of differences in methodology and interpretations, progress has been made and will continue to be made.