Lessons from in vitro reconstitution analyses of plant microtubule-associated proteins.
Lessons from in vitro reconstitution analyses of plant microtubule-associated proteins.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2014.00409
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hamada T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamada T
植物微管由微管蛋白GTP酶组成，是调节细胞扩张和分裂方向、染色体分离和细胞板形成的不可替代的细胞成分。为了完成这些功能，植物细胞通过调节微管动力学来组织微管结构。每个微管定位于适当的位置，重复生长和缩短。虽然用纯微管蛋白溶液在体外重建微管动力学是可能的，但许多微管相关蛋白(MAP)控制着细胞内的微管动力学。在植物中，主要的MAP被鉴定为微管稳定剂(CLASP和MAP65等)，微管失稳剂(Kinesin-13，Katanin，MAP18和MDP25)，以及微管动力学促进剂(EB1，MAP215，MOR1，MAP200，SPR2)。正向遗传学和反向遗传学的突变分析表明了微管和个体图谱在植物中的重要性。然而，通过突变分析，很难理解每个MAP如何调节微管动态，如生长和缩短。单独纯化的MAP和微管蛋白的体外重建分析是揭示每个MAP如何在分子水平上调节微管动力学的强大工具。在这篇综述中，我总结了体外重建分析的结果，并介绍了每个MAP如何调节微管动态不稳定性的现有模型。
Plant microtubules, composed of tubulin GTPase, are irreplaceable cellular components that regulate the directions of cell expansion and cell division, chromosome segregation and cell plate formation. To accomplish these functions, plant cells organize microtubule structures by regulating microtubule dynamics. Each microtubule localizes to the proper position with repeated growth and shortening. Although it is possible to reconstitute microtubule dynamics with pure tubulin solution in vitro, many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) govern microtubule dynamics in cells. In plants, major MAPs are identified as microtubule stabilizers (CLASP and MAP65 etc.), microtubule destabilizers (kinesin-13, katanin, MAP18 and MDP25), and microtubule dynamics promoters (EB1, MAP215, MOR1, MAP200, SPR2). Mutant analyses with forward and reverse genetics have shown the importance of microtubules and individual MAPs in plants. However, it is difficult to understand how each MAP regulates microtubule dynamics, such as growth and shortening, through mutant analyses. In vitro reconstitution analyses with individual purified MAPs and tubulin are powerful tools to reveal how each MAP regulates microtubule dynamics at the molecular level. In this review, I summarize the results of in vitro reconstitution analyses and introduce current models of how each MAP regulates microtubule dynamic instability.