Gait‐phase‐dependent and gait‐phase‐independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans
Gait‐phase‐dependent and gait‐phase‐independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans
复制标题
跨多个区域的步态阶段依赖和步态阶段独立的皮层活动参与人类自愿步态改变
DOI：
10.1111/ejn.14867
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kimitaka Nakazawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hikaru Yokoyama;Naotsugu Kaneko;Yohei Masugi;Tetsuya Ogawa;Katsumi Watanabe;Kimitaka Nakazawa
改变正在进行的步行运动以适应外部环境的变化需要精确的自愿控制。在猫身上，运动皮质和后顶叶皮质在行走过程中精确调整肢体轨迹方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，在人类行走中，哪些皮质信息有助于自愿步态改变仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用脑电图源分析研究了与视觉引导精确步进相关的皮层活动变化。我们的结果证明了自愿步态改变引起的皮质功率谱的频率和步态事件依赖性变化。正常行走和精确行走之间的主要差异如下：（a）在感觉运动、前扣带皮层和顶枕皮质的摆动阶段，α、β或γ功率降低；（b）在顶枕皮质的整个步态周期中，θ、α和β带的功率降低，伽玛带的功率增加。根据以往对大脑功能的认识，前者的变化被认为与腿部运动的执行和计划有关，而后者的变化被认为与多感觉统合和运动意识有关。因此，我们的结果表明，步态改变是通过与多个皮质区域的不同感觉运动相关功能相关的更高的皮质参与来实现的，包括感觉运动、前扣带皮层和顶枕皮质。结果表明，皮质对人类运动自主改变的贡献至关重要。此外，观察到的与自愿步态改变相关的皮层信息将有助于开发用于步行康复的脑机接口的意志控制系统。
Modification of ongoing walking movement to fit changes in external environments requires accurate voluntary control. In cats, the motor and posterior parietal cortices have crucial roles for precisely adjusting limb trajectory during walking. In human walking, however, it remains unclear which cortical information contributes to voluntary gait modification. In this study, we investigated cortical activity changes associated with visually guided precision stepping using electroencephalography source analysis. Our results demonstrated frequency‐ and gait‐event‐dependent changes in the cortical power spectrum elicited by voluntary gait modification. The main differences between normal walking and precision stepping were as follows: (a) the alpha, beta or gamma power decrease during the swing phases in the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices, and (b) a power decrease in the theta, alpha and beta bands and increase in the gamma band throughout the gait cycle in the parieto‐occipital cortex. Based on the previous knowledge of brain functions, the former change was considered to be related to execution and planning of leg movement, while the latter change was considered to be related to multisensory integration and motor awareness. Therefore, our results suggest that the gait modification is achieved by higher cortical involvements associated with different sensorimotor‐related functions across multiple cortical regions including the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices. The results imply the critical importance of the cortical contribution to voluntary modification in human locomotion. Further, the observed cortical information related to voluntary gait modification would contribute to developing volitional control systems of brain–machine interfaces for walking rehabilitation.