The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man.
The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature14625
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发表时间：
2015-07-23
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Willerslev E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasmussen M;Sikora M;Albrechtsen A;Korneliussen TS;Moreno-Mayar JV;Poznik GD;Zollikofer CPE;de León MP;Allentoft ME;Moltke I;Jónsson H;Valdiosera C;Malhi RS;Orlando L;Bustamante CD;Stafford TW Jr;Meltzer DJ;Nielsen R;Willerslev E
肯纳威克人（英语：Kennewick Man），被美洲原住民称为古一人（英语：Ancient One），是1996年在美国华盛顿州发现的一具男性人类骨骼，最初的放射性碳年代测定为8340-9200年BP。他的人口亲和力一直是科学辩论和法律的争议的主题。根据对颅骨形态的初步研究，有人断言，肯纳威克人既不是美洲土著人，也与太平洋西北部的索赔高原部落没有密切关系，后者声称有祖先关系，并根据《美洲土著人坟墓保护和遣返法》要求遣返。形态学分析对司法判决很重要，即肯纳威克人不是美洲原住民，因此NAGPRA不适用。不允许遣返，而是允许对遗体进行更多的研究。随后的颅骨测量分析证实，肯纳威克人与环太平洋的群体，如阿伊努人和波利尼西亚人的关系比与现代美洲原住民的关系更密切。为了解决肯纳威克人的祖先和从属关系，我们对他的基因组进行了测序，覆盖率约为1×，并将其与包括阿伊努人和波利尼西亚人在内的全球基因组数据进行了比较。我们发现，肯纳威克人比世界上任何其他人口更接近现代美洲原住民。在有全基因组数据可供比较的美洲原住民群体中，有几个似乎是与肯纳威克人密切相关的群体的后裔，包括科尔维尔保留地的联合部落（科尔维尔），五个声称是肯纳威克人的部落之一。我们重新审视了头骨分析，发现，与全基因组比较相反，在此基础上，不可能把肯纳威克人归入特定的当代群体。因此，我们根据基因比较得出结论，肯纳威克人至少在过去八千年里与北美土著人保持着连续性。
Kennewick Man, referred to as the Ancient One by Native Americans, is a male human skeleton discovered in Washington state (USA) in 1996 and initially radiocarbon-dated to 8340–9200 calibrated years BP. His population affinities have been the subject of scientific debate and legal controversy. Based on initial study of cranial morphology it was asserted that Kennewick Man was neither Native American nor closely related to the Claimant Plateau tribes of the Pacific Northwest, who claimed ancestral relationship and requested repatriation under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). The morphological analysis was important to judicial decisions that Kennewick Man was not Native American and that therefore NAGPRA did not apply. Instead of repatriation, additional studies of the remains were permitted. Subsequent craniometric analysis affirmed Kennewick Man to be more closely related to circumpacific groups such as the Ainu and Polynesians than he is to modern Native Americans. In order to resolve Kennewick Man’s ancestry and affiliations, we have sequenced his genome to ~1× coverage and compared it to worldwide genomic data including the Ainu and Polynesians. We find that Kennewick Man is closer to modern Native Americans than to any other population worldwide. Among the Native American groups for whom genome wide data is available for comparison, several appear to be descended from a population closely related to that of Kennewick Man, including the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Colville), one of the five tribes claiming Kennewick Man. We revisit the cranial analyses and find that, as opposed to genomic-wide comparisons, it is not possible on that basis to affiliate Kennewick Man to specific contemporary groups. We therefore conclude based on genetic comparisons that Kennewick Man shows continuity with Native North Americans over at least the last eight millennia.