Income disparities in body mass index and obesity in the United States, 1971-2002
Income disparities in body mass index and obesity in the United States, 1971-2002
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DOI：
10.1001/archinte.165.18.2122
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发表时间：
2005-10-10
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lauderdale, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chang, VW;Lauderdale, DS
背景：虽然肥胖经常与贫困有关，但最近肥胖的增加可能不会在穷人中不成比例地发生。此外，收入和体重状况之间的关系可能会随着时间的推移而变化。我们使用的数据来自全国健康和营养调查（1971-2002）研究（1）身体质量指数的收入差异（计算方法为体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方）和（2）肥胖患病率随时间的变化结果：在过去的30年中，肥胖在所有收入水平上都有所增加。此外，受益最大的通常不是穷人。例如，在黑人妇女中，中等收入者肥胖症的绝对增长率为27.0%（每年1.05%），而穷人仅为14.5%（每年0.54%）。在黑人男子中，收入最高的人肥胖率增加了21.1%（每年0.77%），但接近贫困的人只有4.5%（每年0.06%），穷人只有5.4%（每年0.50%）。此外，所有种族-性别群体在体重指数上都表现出收入差异，但模式显示群体之间存在很大差异，群体内也随着时间的推移而保持一致和变化。例如，白色妇女一贯表现出强烈的反向梯度，而一个积极的梯度出现在后来的波为黑人和墨西哥裔美国人meg.Conclusion：收入梯度的持续性和出现表明，在体重状况的差距只是部分归因于贫困和努力，旨在减少差距需要考虑更广泛的一系列的贡献因素。
Background: Although obesity is frequently associated with poverty, recent increases in obesity may not occur disproportionately among the poor. Furthermore, the relationship between income and weight status may be changing with time.Methods: We use nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1971-2002) to examine (1) income differentials in body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and (2) change over time in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index, >= 30) at different levels of income.Results: Over the course of 3 decades, obesity has increased at all levels of income. Moreover, it is typically not the poor who have experienced the largest gains. For example, among black women, the absolute increase in obesity is 27.0% (1.05% per year) for those at middle incomes, but only 14.5% (0.54% per year) for the poor. Among black men, the increase in obesity is 21.1% (0.77% per year) for those at the highest level of income, but only 4.5% (0.06% per year) for the near poor and 5.4% (0.50% per year) for the poor. Furthermore, all race-sex groups show income differentials on body mass index, but patterns show substantial variation between groups and consistency and change within groups over time. For example, white women consistently show a strong inverse gradient, while a positive gradient emerges in later waves for black and Mexican American men.Conclusion: The persistence and emergence of income gradients suggests that disparities in weight status are only partially attributable to poverty and that efforts aimed at reducing disparities need to consider a much broader array of contributing factors.