Unlocking the role of the superior temporal gyrus for speech sound categorization.
Unlocking the role of the superior temporal gyrus for speech sound categorization.
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解锁颞上回在语音分类中的作用。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00238.2011
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Steinschneider,Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinschneider,Mitchell
几乎毫不费力地将流畅的语音内容编码的能力是人类大脑的一项非凡能力。这种非凡的能力被大脑对音素稳定性的维持所强调，尽管一个给定音素的频谱和时间特征存在明显的变化，并且一个音素与其他语音经常重叠。例如，当第二个形成峰频率（F2）与第一个形成峰频率（F1）对比时，元音映射到声学空间的离散区域。然而，一个给定元音的F2和F1值在不同的说话者之间差异很大，一个元音的F1和F2值的分布通常与其他元音的分布有很大的重叠（例如，“head”中的/ae/和“hayed”中的//）（Hillenbrand et al. 1995）。总的来说，包括动态环境背景在内的所有来源都增加了可变性，并减少了基于始终可用的声学线索的音素可靠映射。大脑的任务必须是快速分类，而不是用给定的音素对特定的声音线索进行一对一的分配，将声学上可变的语音放入离散的音素类别中（参见Holt和Lotto 2010的回顾）。语音分类背后的神经网络正在慢慢被阐明。行为研究表明，人类的音位感知与实验动物的音位感知存在许多相似之处（Kuhl 1986; Kluender et al. 1987; Sinnott and Brown 1997），因此多项研究对初级听觉皮层（A1）的语音处理进行了研究（Steinschneider et al. 2003; Engineer et al. 2008; Mesgarani et al. 2008）。一般来说，A1可以被最好地描述为对语音信号进行相对细粒度的分析，这有助于但不能决定音位分类（Rauschecker和Scott 2009）。这些在实验动物中获得的发现得到了直接记录Heschl’s gyrus后内侧部分的结果的支持，Heschl’s gyrus是人类初级听觉皮层的假定位置（Steinschneider et al. 2005; Bitterman et al. 2008; Nourski et al. 2009）。除了A1，颞上回（PLST）的后外侧区域代表了语音处理的中间阶段，被认为在音素处理和分类中起着基本作用（Poeppel et al. 2008; Hickok 2009; Price 2010）。电刺激Heschl回的后内侧部分在该区域引起非常短的潜伏期反应，表明与初级听觉皮层直接连接（Brugge et al. 2003）。该区域在猕猴体内的潜在类似物包括被称为前外侧（AL）带区域的听觉皮层部分
THE ABILITY TO ALMOST EFFORTLESSLY encode the phonemic content of running speech is a remarkable capacity of the human brain. This remarkable capacity is emphasized by the brain’s maintenance of phonemic stability despite pronounced variability in the spectral and temporal characteristics of a given phoneme and a phoneme’s frequent acoustic overlap with other speech sounds. For instance, vowels map out into discrete regions of acoustic space when the second formant frequency (F2) is plotted against the first formant frequency (F1). However, F2 and F1 values for a given vowel vary widely across speakers, and distributions of F1 vs. F2 values for one vowel often overlap significantly with those from others (eg,/ae/as in “head” and//as in “hayed”)(Hillenbrand et al. 1995). In total, a whole host of sources, including a dynamic environmental background, increase variability and diminish reliable mapping of phonemes based on consistently available acoustic cues. Instead of this one-to-one assignment of specific acoustic cues with a given phoneme, the brain’s task must be one of rapid categorization, placing acoustically variable speech sounds into discrete phonemic categories (see Holt and Lotto 2010 for review).The neural network underlying phonemic categorization is slowly being clarified. Emboldened by behavioral studies demonstrating that many parallels exist between phonemic perception as seen in humans and those observed in experimental animals (Kuhl 1986; Kluender et al. 1987; Sinnott and Brown 1997), multiple investigations have examined speech processing in primary auditory cortex (A1)(Steinschneider et al. 2003; Engineer et al. 2008; Mesgarani et al. 2008). In general, A1 can best be described as performing relatively fine-grained analyses of the speech signal that facilitates, but not determines, phonemic categorization (Rauschecker and Scott 2009). These findings, obtained in experimental animals, have been supported by results obtained through direct recordings within more posterior medial portions of Heschl’s gyrus, the putative location of human primary auditory cortex (Steinschneider et al. 2005; Bitterman et al. 2008; Nourski et al. 2009). Beyond A1, the posterior lateral region of the superior temporal gyrus (PLST) represents an intermediate stage of speech processing that is envisioned to play a fundamental role in phonemic processing and categorization (Poeppel et al. 2008; Hickok 2009; Price 2010). Electrical stimulation of the posterior medial portion of Heschl’s gyrus elicits very short latency responses in this area, suggesting direct connects with primary auditory cortex (Brugge et al. 2003). Potential analogs of this region in the macaque monkey include the portion of auditory cortex termed the anterolateral (AL) belt region
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Brian E. Russ;Ashlee L. Ackelson;Allison E. Baker;Y. Cohen
通讯作者：
Brian E. Russ;Ashlee L. Ackelson;Allison E. Baker;Y. Cohen
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Joji Tsunada;J. H. Lee;Y. Cohen
通讯作者：
Joji Tsunada;J. H. Lee;Y. Cohen
日鹌鹑能学习音标分类
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
KLUENDER, KR;DIEHL, RL;KILLEEN, PR
通讯作者：
KILLEEN, PR
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Mesgarani, Nima;David, Stephen V.;Shamma, Shihab A.
通讯作者：
Shamma, Shihab A.
人类和非人类灵长类动物听觉皮层的组织和对应
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Hackett
通讯作者：
T. Hackett