WITCHWEED MANAGEMENT BY SORGHUM-SUDANGRASS SEED SIZE AND STAGE OF HARVEST
WITCHWEED MANAGEMENT BY SORGHUM-SUDANGRASS SEED SIZE AND STAGE OF HARVEST
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300050002x
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
MUTWALI, EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEBAWI, FF;MUTWALI, EM
在化学措施在经济上不可行的国家，对大田作物进行仔细的栽培管理已成为当务之急。报道了我国特有寄生独脚金线虫[Striga hermonthica(Del.)在高粱-圣丹草杂交种[Sorghum biolor(L.)苏丹山毛豆Moch X S.sudanense Stapf.CV。Piper]，先锋品牌混合动力车988(编码为P988)就是需要这种程序的一个例子。研究目标是：(I)P988种子大小(大小)与独脚金萌发、P988根和地上部长度以及重量有关；(Ii)P988种子大小和收获生长阶段与P988青菜产量和蔗糖含量有关，分别在孕穗期、开花后期和成熟期。与大种子相比，小种子育苗的P988幼苗的地上部明显短，但根长。P988种子大小对独脚金萌发的影响不显著，但与P988的根长和根干重呈正相关。P988的籽粒大小对各收获期的青菜产量和饲料蔗糖含量无显著影响。推迟P988的始收，增加了独脚金的地上部干重，增加了总产量，但降低了花后期和成熟期的绿叶品质。将P988的第二次和第三次采收推迟至成熟，显著提高了P988的青菜产量。第二、三次收获成熟期饲用蔗糖分别比第一次收获成熟期饲用蔗糖高出106%和60%。独脚金地上部分干重与P988的饲用蔗糖呈正相关。在有独脚金侵染的土壤上，种植小粒种子P988可降低独脚金的发病率和持续的P988产量，并在第一次收获的孕穗期和以后收获的成熟期进行收获。
Careful cultural management of field crops has become imperative in countries where chemical measures are not economically feasible. The occurrence of the endemic parasitic witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth] in production fields of sorghum-sundangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench X S. sudanense Stapf. cv. Piper], Pioneer brand hybrid 988 (coded P988), is one example that requires such procedures. Study objectives were to relate: (i) P988 seed size (large and small) to witchweed germination, P988 root and shoot length, and weight and (ii) P988 seed size and harvest growth stage to P988 greenchop yield and sucrose content at three initial and subsequent P988 harvests at boot stage, late bloom stage, and maturity in witchweed-infested fields. Seedlings of P988 grown from small seed had significantly shorter shoots but longer roots compared to those from large seed. Witchweed germination was not signficiantly affected by seed size of P988 but was postively correlated to P988 root length and root dry weight. Seed size of P988 had no significant effect on forage greenchop yield and forage sucrose of P988 at all harvests. Delaying initial harvest of P988 increased witchweed shoot dry weight with time and equated total yields, but reduced the quality of greenchop at late bloom and maturity. Delaying second and third harvests of P988 to maturity significantly increased greenchop yield of P988. Forage sucrose at maturity stage of second and third harvests exceeded forage sucrose at maturity of first harvest by 106 and 60%, respectively. Witchweed shoot dry weight was positively correlated with forage sucrose of P988. Growing small seeded P988 reduced witchweed incidence and sustained P988 yields when combined with harvesting at the boot stage on first harvest and at maturity of later harvests on witchweed-infested soils.