Mutations Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Their Effects in the Interaction of Virus with ACE-2 Receptor.
Mutations Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Their Effects in the Interaction of Virus with ACE-2 Receptor.
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DOI：
10.5222/mmj.2020.98048
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Durmaz R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durmaz B;Abdulmajed O;Durmaz R
冠状病毒（CoV）属于冠状病毒科，可感染范围广泛的脊椎动物。引起人类疾病的七种冠状病毒包括α-冠状病毒（HCoV-229E）、NL63和β-冠状病毒（MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-HKU1和SARS-CoV-2）。 SARS-CoV-2 是一种有包膜、正极性、单链 RNA 病毒，导致 2019 年新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19)。 SARS-CoV-2的诱变能力指导其进化和基因组变异，从而使病毒逃避宿主免疫并产生耐药性。追踪病毒突变对于开发新疫苗、抗病毒药物和诊断系统也很重要。在宿主细胞中复制期间，病毒中发生基因组突变，并且这些突变被转移到新一代。因此，对 SARS-CoV-2 基因组突变进行系统监测可以观察该病毒的国家和国际分子流行病学。 SARS-CoV-2 刺突 (S) 糖蛋白对于病毒与宿主细胞受体（血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2)）的结合、膜融合、疫苗研究和对病毒的免疫反应至关重要。因此，编码S糖蛋白的基因的突变，特别是S基因中受体结合域（RBD）可能的变异是需要强调的重要问题。本文介绍了在 SARS-CoV-2 S 糖蛋白中观察到的突变及其可能影响的信息。
Coronaviruses (CoVs) classified in the Coronaviridae family infect a very large spectrum of vertebrate group. Seven CoVs that cause human disease consist of Alpha-CoVs, which are HCoV-229E, and NL63 and beta-CoVs, which are MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive-polarity, single-stranded RNA virus responsible for a new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mutagenic ability of the SARS-CoV-2 directs its evolution and genome variability, thus allowing viruses to escape from host immunity and develop drug resistance. Tracing viral mutations is also important for the development of new vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic systems. During replication in the host cell, genomic mutations occur in the virus and these mutations are transferred to new generations. For this reason, systematic monitoring of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome allows observation of the national and international molecular epidemiology of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is vital in the binding of the virus to the host cell receptor that is angiotensin converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2), membrane fusion, vaccine studies and immune response to the virus. Therefore, mutations in the gene encoding the S glycoprotein and especially the possible variations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) in S gene are important issues to be emphasized. In this article, information about the mutations observed in the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein and their possible effects are presented.